Aeolian Geomorphology (eBook, ePUB)

A New Introduction
Redaktion: Livingstone, Ian; Warren, Andrew

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

A revised introduction to aeolian geomorphology written by noted experts in the field The new, revised and updated edition of Aeolian Geomorphology offers a concise and highly accessible introduction to the subject. The text covers the topics of deserts and coastlines, as well as periglacial and planetary landforms. The authors review the range of aeolian characteristics that include soil erosion and its consequences, continental scale dust storms, sand dunes and loess. Aeolian Geomorphology explores the importance of aeolian processes in the past, and the application of knowledge about aeolian geomorphology in environmental management. The new edition includes contributions from eighteen experts from four continents. All the chapters demonstrate huge advances in observation, measurement and mathematical modelling. For example, the chapter on sand seas shows the impact of greatly enhanced and accessible remote sensing and the chapter on active dunes clearly demonstrates the impact of improvements in field techniques. Other examples reveal the power of greatly improved laboratory techniques. This important text: * Offers a comprehensive review of aeolian geomorphology * Contains contributions from an international panel of eighteen experts in the field * Includes the results of the most recent research on the topic * Filled with illustrative examples that demonstrate the advances in laboratory approaches Written for students and professionals in the field, Aeolian Geomorphology provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic in twelve new chapters with contributions from noted experts in the field.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 336
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. Februar 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118945636
• Artikelnr.: 55443464

Autorenporträt

Ian Livingstone is Professor of Physical Geography and Head of the Graduate School, University of Northampton, UK. Andrew Warren is an Emeritus Professor of Geography at University College London, UK.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xi

Preface xiii

1 Global Frameworks for Aeolian Geomorphology 1
Andrew Warren

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Wind 1

1.2.1 Wind Systems with Daily Rhythm and Local Scale 1

1.2.1.1 Dust Devils 1

1.2.1.2 Haboobs 1

1.2.1.3 Low-Level Jets 4

1.2.1.4 Sea Breezes 4

1.2.1.5 Hurricanes, Cyclones, Typhoons 5

1.2.1.6 Mountain Winds 7

1.2.2 Wind Systems with Annual Rhythms and Semi-Global Scale 8

1.2.2.1 Westerlies 8

1.2.2.2 The Trade Winds 11

1.2.2.3 The Harmattan 12

1.2.2.4 Monsoons 12

1.2.3 The Calmer Globe 13

1.3 Rhythms of Erosivity and Erodibility from the Semi-Decadal to Hundreds of Thousands of Years 13

1.3.1 Multiannual Rhythms 13

1.3.2 Century-Scale Rhythms 13

1.3.3 Orbitally-Forced Rhythms 13

1.4 Frameworks of Sedimentary Supply 16

1.4.1 Hard Rock 16

1.4.2 Sand (63-2000 mum) 16

1.4.2.1 The Fluvial Origins of Most Quartz Sand 18

1.4.3 Coarse Dust (10-63 mum) 18

1.4.4 Fine Dust (

1.5 Plate-Tectonic Frameworks: A Glimpse 19

1.6 Conclusion 20

Acknowledgements 20

Note 20

Further Reading 20

References 20

2 Grains in Motion 27
Andreas C.W. Baas

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 The Nature of Wind 27

2.2.1 Turbulent Boundary Layers 27

2.2.2 Turbulence and Coherent Flow Structures 30

2.3 Transport Modes 31

2.4 Ripples 32

2.5 Initiation of Grain Motion 33

2.5.1 Thresholds 33

2.5.2 Grain Size Control and Dust Emission 35

2.5.3 Other Sedimentary Controls 36

2.6 Sand Transport: Steady-State 36

2.6.1 Saltation Trajectories 36

2.6.2 The Vertical Profile 38

2.6.3 Modification of the Wind 39

2.6.4 Bulk Transport Models 40

2.7 Sand Transport: Natural Environments 44

2.7.1 Fetch and Saturation 45

2.7.2 Spatio-Temporal Variability 46

2.7.3 Slope 47

2.7.4 Vegetation 48

2.7.5 Sand Roses 50

2.8 Conclusion 51

Further Reading 51

References 52

3 Wind Erosion 61
Jasper Knight

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 The Processes of Wind Abrasion 61

3.2.1 Environmental Controls on the Wind Transport of Particles 62

3.3 Ventifacts 63

3.3.1 Morphology 64

3.3.2 Wind Abrasion Microfeatures 65

3.3.3 Ventifact Evolution 67

3.4 Yardangs 68

3.4.1 Yardang Morphology and Evolution 69

3.5 Hamadas and Stone Pavements 71

3.6 Deflation Basins and Pans 72

3.7 Discussion 73

3.7.1 Wind Erosion and Boundary Layer Climates 73

3.7.2 Reconstructing Past Wind Patterns from Wind-Eroded Features 74

3.8 Conclusions 74

Acknowledgements 75

Further Reading 75

References 75

4 Dust: Sources, Entrainment, Transport 81
Joanna Bullard and Matthew Baddock

4.1 Introduction 81

4.2 What Is Dust? 82

4.3 Production and Entrainment 83

4.4 Sources 85

4.5 Dust Events and Weather Systems 93

4.6 Dust in Suspension 98

Further Reading 100

References 100

5 Loess 107
Helen M. Roberts

5.1 Introduction 107

5.2 Definitions of Loess and its Relationship to Dust 107

5.3 Distribution and Thickness of Loess Deposits 109

5.4 Loess Morphology 112