Gregory T. Benz

Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

AGITATOR DESIGN FOR GAS-LIQUID FERMENTERS AND BIOREACTORS Explore the basic principles and concepts of the design of agitation systems for fermenters and bioreactors Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors delivers a -concise treatment and explanation of how to design mechanically sound agitation systems that will perform the agitation process function efficiently and economically. The book covers agitator fundamentals, impeller systems, optimum power and air flow at peak mass transfer calculations, optimizing operation for minimum energy per batch, heat transfer surfaces and calculations, shaft seal considerations, mounting methods, mechanical design, and vendor evaluation. The accomplished author has created a practical and hands-on tool that discusses the subject of agitation systems from first principles all the way to implementation in the real world. Step-by-step processes are included throughout the book to assist engineers, chemists, and other scientists in the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of these systems. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: * A thorough introduction to the design of gas-liquid fermenters and bioreactors * An exploration of agitator fundamentals, impeller systems, optimum power, and air flow at peak mass transfer calculations * A discussion of how to optimize operation for minimum energy per batch * Step-by-step processes to assist engineers, chemists, and scientists * An examination of heat transfer surfaces and calculations, shaft seal considerations, mounting methods, and mechanical design Perfect for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, process engineers, chemists, and materials scientists, Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors will also earn a place in the libraries of pharmaceutical scientists seeking a one-stop resource for designing mechanically sound agitation systems.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Jossey-Bass
• Seitenzahl: 448
• Erscheinungstermin: 5. März 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119650508
• Artikelnr.: 61314907

Autorenporträt

Gregory T. Benz, P.E., is the President of Benz Technology International, an engineering consulting firm and Chinese business development corporation. He has authored numerous articles, conducted more than 50 seminars, and holds a patent on a nonrotating, nonseal method of mechanically agitating tanks.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xix

Foreword xxi

Foreword for Greg Benz xxiii

1 Purpose of Agitator Design 1

References 2

2 Major Steps in Successful Agitator Design 3

Define Process Results 3

Define Process Conditions 5

Choose Tank Geometry 6

Calculate Equivalent Power/Airflow Combinations for Equal Mass Transfer Rate 7

Choose Minimum Combined Power 7

Choose Shaft Speed; Size Impeller System to Draw Required Gassed Power 7

Decision Point: D/T and Gassing Factors OK? 8

Mechanical Design 8

Decision Point: Is the Mechanical Design Feasible? 8

Repeat to Find Lowest Cost 8

Repeat for Different Aspect Ratios 9

Repeat for Different Process Conditions 9

Finish 9

Summary of Chapter 10

List of Symbols 10

References 10

3 Agitator Fundamentals 11

Agitated Tank Terminology 11

Prime Mover 11

Reducer 13

Shaft Seal 13

Wetted Parts 13

Tank Dimensions 14

How Agitation Parameters Are Calculated 14

Reynolds Number 15

Power Number 16

Pumping Number 17

Dimensionless Blend Time 17

Aeration Number 18

Gassing Factor 18

Nusselt Number 18

Froude Number 19

Prandtl Number 19

Geometric Ratios 20

Baffle Number 20

Dimensionless Hydraulic Force 20

Thrust Number 21

Typical Dimensionless Number Curves 21

A Primer on Rheology 25

Newtonian Model 26

Pseudoplastic

or Shear Thinning, Model (Aka Power Law Fluid) 27

Bingham Plastic 27

Herschel-Bulkley 27

Impeller Apparent Viscosity 29

A Bit of Impeller Physics 29

Summary of Chapter 31

List of Symbols 31

Greek Letters 32

References 32

4 Agitator Behavior under Gassed Conditions 35

Flooding 35

Kla Method 35

Power Draw Method 36

Visual Flow Pattern Method 37

Effect on Power Draw 38

Holdup 39

Example of Holdup Calculation 40

Holdup "War Story" 40

Variable Gas Flow Operation 40

Mechanical Effects 42

Summary of Chapter 42

List of Symbols 42

References 43

5 Impeller Types Used in Fermenters 45

Impeller Flow Patterns 45

Axial Flow 46

Radial Flow 47

Mixed Flow 47

Chaos Flow 48

Examples of Axial Flow Impellers 49

Low Solidity 49

High Solidity 52

Up-pumping vs. Down Pumping 55

Examples of Radial Flow Impellers 56

Straight Blade Impeller 56

Disc, aka Rushton, Turbines 57

Smith Turbines 62

CD-6 Turbine by Chemineer; aka Smith Turbine by Many Manufacturers 62

Deeply Concave Turbines 66

Deep Asymmetric Concave Turbine with Overhang (BT-6) 68

Examples of Mixed Flow Impellers 73

Examples of Chaos Impellers 74

Shear Effects 76

Specialty Impellers 78

Summary of Chapter 80

List of Symbols 80

References 81

6 Impeller Systems 83

Why Do We Need a System? 83

Reaction Engineering 83

Fermenter History 84

Steps to Impeller System Design 85

Choose Number of Impellers 86

Choose Placement of Impellers 86

Choose Type(s) of Impellers 87

Choose Power Split or Distribution