Applied Water Science, Volume 1 (eBook, ePUB)

Fundamentals and Applications
Redaktion: Inamuddin; Rangreez, Tauseef Ahmad; Boddula, Rajender; Ahamed, Mohd Imran

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Water is one of the most precious and basic needs of life for all living beings, and a precious national asset. Without it, the existence of life cannot be imagined. Availability of pure water is decreasing day by day, and water scarcity has become a major problem that is faced by our society for the past few years. Hence, it is essential to find and disseminate the key solutions for water quality and scarcity issues. The inaccessibility and poor water quality continue to pose a major threat to human health worldwide. Around billions of people lacking to access drinkable water. The water contains the pathogenic impurities; which are responsible for water-borne diseases. The concept of water quality mainly depends on the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological measurement standards to evaluate the water quality and determine the concentration of all components, then compare the results of this concentration with the purpose for which this water is used. Therefore, awareness and a firm grounding in water science are the primary needs of readers, professionals, and researchers working in this research area. This book explores the basic concepts and applications of water science. It provides an in-depth look at water pollutants' classification, water recycling, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and efficient wastewater treatment methodologies. It also provides occurrence, human health risk assessment, strategies for removal of radionuclides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems. The book chapters are written by leading researchers throughout the world. This book is an invaluable guide to students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial specialists working in the field of environmental science, geoscience, water science, physics and chemistry.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 560
• Erscheinungstermin: 18. Mai 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119725268
• Artikelnr.: 61925904

Autorenporträt

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Fast Track Young Scientist Award and the Young Researcher of the Year Award for 2020, from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published almost 200 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 120 edited books with multiple well-known publishers. Mohd Imran Ahamed, PhD, is a research associate in the Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has published several research and review articles in various international scientific journals and has co-edited multiple books. His research work includes ion-exchange chromatography, wastewater treatment, and analysis, bending actuator and electrospinning. Rajender Boddula, PhD, is currently working for the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative (CAS-PIFI) at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST, Beijing). His academic honors include multiple fellowships and scholarships, and he has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals. He is also serving as an editorial board member and a referee for several reputed international peer-reviewed journals. He has published edited books with numerous publishers and has authored over twenty book chapters. Tauseef Ahmad Rangreez, PhD, is working as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India. He completed his PhD in applied chemistry from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India and worked as a project fellow under the University Grant Commission, India. He has published several research articles and co-edited books. His research interest includes ion-exchange chromatography, development of nanocomposite sensors for heavy metals and biosensors.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xix

1 Sorbent-Based Microextraction Techniques for the Analysis of Phthalic Acid Esters in Water Samples 1
Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo, Javier González-Sálamo, Diana A. Varela-Martínez and Javier Hernández-Borges

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Solid-Phase Microextraction 6

1.3 Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction 25

1.4 Solid-Phase Extraction 26

1.5 Others Minor Sorbent-Based Microextraction Techniques 48

1.6 Conclusions 52

Acknowledgements 53

References 53

2 Occurrence, Human Health Risks, and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Aqueous Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives 63
Willis Gwenzi, Artwell Kanda, Concilia Danha, Norah Muisa-Zikali and Nhamo Chaukura

2.1 Introduction 64

2.2 Occurrence and Behavior of Pharmaceutics in Aquatic Systems 65

2.2.1 Nature and Sources 65

2.2.2 Dissemination and Occurrence in Aquatic Systems 67

2.2.3 Behaviour in Aquatic Systems 71

2.3 Human Health Risks and Their Mitigation 73

2.3.1 Human Exposure Pathways 73

2.3.2 Potential Human Health Risks 74

2.3.3 Human Health Risks: A Developing World Perspective 81

2.3.4 Removal of Pharmaceuticals 82

2.3.4.1 Conventional Removal Methods 83

2.3.4.2 Advanced Removal Methods 85

2.3.4.3 Hybrid Removal Processes 88

2.4 Knowledge Gaps and Future Research Directions 88

2.4.1 Increasing Africa's Research Footprint 88

2.4.2 Hotspot Sources and Reservoirs 89

2.4.3 Behavior and Fate in Aquatic Systems 89

2.4.4 Ecotoxicology of Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites 89

2.4.5 Human Exposure Pathways 89

2.4.6 Human Toxicology and Epidemiology 90

2.4.7 Removal Capacity of Low-Cost Water Treatment Processes 90

2.5 Summary, Conclusions, and Outlook 90

Author Contributions 91

References 91

3 Oil-Water Separations 103
Pallavi Jain, Sapna Raghav and Dinesh Kumar

3.1 Introduction 103

3.2 Sources and Composition 106

3.3 Common Oil-Water Separation Techniques 106

3.4 Oil-Water Separation Technologies 107

3.4.1 Advancement in the Technology of Membrane 111

3.4.1.1 Polymer-Based Membranes 111

3.4.1.2 Ceramic-Based Membranes 111

3.5 Separation of Oil/Water Utilizing Meshes 113

3.5.1 Mechanism Involved 113

3.5.2 Meshes Functionalization 114

3.5.2.1 Inorganic Materials 115

3.5.2.2 Organic Materials 115

3.6 Separation of Oil-Water Mixture Using Bioinspired Surfaces 116

3.6.1 Nature's Lesson 116

3.6.2 Superhydrophilic/Phobic and Superoleophilic/Phobic Porous Surfaces 117

3.7 Conclusion 118

Acknowledgment 118

References 119

4 Microplastics Pollution 125
Agnieszka Dbrowska

4.1 Introduction and General Considerations 125

4.2 Key Scientific Issues Concerning Water and Microplastics Pollution 126

4.3 Marine Microplastics: From the Anthropogenic Litter to the Plastisphere 131

4.4 Social and Human Perspectives: From Sustainable Development to Civil Science 133

4.5 Conclusions and Future Projections 134

References 134

5 Chloramines Formation, Toxicity, and Monitoring Methods in Aqueous Environments 139
Rania El-Shaheny and Mahmoud El-Maghrabey

5.1 Introduction 140

5.2 Inorganic Chloramines Formation and Toxicity 140

5.3 Analytical Methods for Inorganic Chloramines 143

5.3.1 Colorimetric and Batch Methods 144

5.3.2 Chromatographic Methods