Atmospheric Aerosols (eBook, ePUB)

Life Cycles and Effects on Air Quality and Climate
Redaktion: Tomasi, Claudio; Kokhanovsky, Alexander; Fuzzi, Sandro

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

The book describes the morphological, physical and chemical properties of aerosols from various natural and anthropogenic sources to help the reader better understand the direct role of aerosol particles in scattering and absorbing short- and long-wave radiation.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-VCH
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. November 2016
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783527336418
• Artikelnr.: 47348435

Inhaltsangabe

PRIMARY SOURCES AND SECONDARY FORMATION PROCESSES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
Introduction
A General Classification of Aerosol Sources
Primary Aerosols of Natural Origin
Secondary Aerosols of Natural Origin
Primary Anthropogenic Aerosols
Secondary Anthropogenic Aerosols
Global Annual Mass Emission Fluxes of Natural and Anthropogenic Aerosols

NUCLEATION OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLES
Introduction
Principles of New Atmospheric Particle Formation
Chemical and Physical Factors Driving or Inhibiting New-Particle Formation
Occurrence of New-Particle Formation in the Global Troposphere
Importance of Nucleation for the Production of Aerosols and Ccn at the Global Scale

ROLE OF COAGULATION, CONDENSATION, CLOUD FORMATION AND WET AND DRY REMOVAL PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL LIFE
Introduction
Physical Growth Processes
Formation of Cloud Particles
Aerosol Sinks (Removal Processes)

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AEROSOLS OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS
Introduction
Global Distributions and Climatologies of the Main Aerosol Chemical Constituents
Size-Distributions of Aerosol Chemical Compounds
Open Questions

MEASURING AEROSOL IN SITU AND REMOTE SENSING
Introduction
Characterization of Aerosol Variables with in-Situ Techniques
Detection of Aerosol Properties by Remote Sensing
Observing Climate Change

NUMBER, SURFACE AND VOLUME SIZE-DISTRIBUTIONS OF AEROSOL POLYDISPERSIONS OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS
Introduction
Concentration and Multimodal Characteristics of the Number, Surface and Volume Size-Distributions of Aerosol Polydispersions
Vertical Profiles of Aerosols from Lidar Measurements
Global Distributions of Aerosols from Satellite-Borne Images

AEROSOL OPTICS
Introduction
Maxwell Theory
Light Scattering and Absorption by Small Solid and Liquid Particles
IMAGE AND RADIATION TRANSFER THROUGH AEROSOL LAYERS

AEROSOL-INDUCED DIRECT FORCING EFFECTS BY NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOL
POLYDISPERSIONS
Introduction
Field Measurements of Aerosol Optical Thickness Aot
Characterization of the Aerosol Radiative Properties of Different Origins
Direct Aerosol-Induced Radiative Forcing for Different Particle Polydispersions

THE AEROSOL INDIRECT EFFECTS ON CLIMATE

AEROSOL EFFECTS ON AIR QUALITY THROUGH IN-SITU AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
Pollution Due to Natural Sources (Pollen, Desert Dust)
Anthropogenic Pollution
Aerosol Effects on Air Quality
Air Quality from in-Situ and Satellite-Based Measurements
EU and USA Limitations to the Aerosol Emissions and Rules for the Air Quality

IMPACT OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) ON THE HUMAN HEALTH
Introduction
Epidemiological Evidences
Toxicological Evidences
Mechanism of Effects

AEROSOL IMPACT ON CULTURAL HERITAGE: DETERIORATION PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION
Introduction
Damage Layers and Black Crusts on Building Materials (Stone-Mortars, Carbonate-Silicate)
Bioaerosol Effects on Cultural Heritage
Monitoring for Cultural Heritage Conservation
Aesthetic Impact on Architectural Surfaces: Implications on Restoration and Maintenance Actions
Future Scenarios
Guidelines for the Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Urban Areas