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Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Discover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbook A variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful - including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called 'radiation sickness' - and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the…mehr
Discover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbook
A variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful - including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called 'radiation sickness' - and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the steps which can be taken to mitigate or direct its effects is therefore critical in a wide range of industries and medical subfields.
For decades, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection has served as the classic reference work on the subject of ionizing radiation and its safeguards. Beginning with a presentation of fundamental atomic structure and the physical mechanisms which produce radiation, the book also includes thorough discussion of how radiation can be detected and measured, as well as guide-lines for interpreting radiation statistics and detailed analysis of protective measures, both individual and environmental. Now updated by a new generation of leading scholars and researchers, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will continue to serve global scientific and industrial research communities.
Readers of the fourth edition of Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will also find:
Detailed updates of existing material, including the latest recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP
Treatment of current physiokinetic and dosimetric models
All statistics now presented in SI units, making the book more globally accessible
Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection is a foundational guide for graduate students and researchers in health physics and nuclear physics, as well as related industries.
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Autorenporträt
James S. Bogard is a Senior Health Physicist in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and an Adjunct Professor in the Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Anthropology at the University of Tennessee. He is the author or co-author of over 85 articles, technical reports and presentations, including a workbook of health physics problems and solutions. Dr. Bogard is a past president of the American Academy of Health Physics, a Fellow of the Health Physics Society and a Distinguished Alumnus of Texas State University. Darryl J. Downing is Vice President, Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, at GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical company. He was previously a member of the research staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and led the Statistics Group for 10 of his 20 years at ORNL. Dr. Downing graduated from the University of Florida in 1974 with a Ph.D. in Statistics. He has authored over 50 publications and has been a Fellow of the American Statistical Association since 2002. He is also a member of the International Statistics Institute since 1997 and serves on the editorial board for Pharmaceutical Statistics. Robert L. Coleman is a Senior Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Technical Lead for in-vivo radio bioassay measurements. He manages the technical and day-to-day aspects of whole body, lung and organ measurements for gamma and x-ray emitting radionuclides in support of the ORNL radiation dosimetry program. Keith F. Eckerman is Staff Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the Energy and Environmental Sciences Divison. He obtained his Ph.D in Radiological Physics from Northwestern University and joined the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as leader of the Dosimetry Research Group after working at Argonne National Laboratory and with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He is a member of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and Chairman of its Task Group on Dose Calculations. In 1999 he received the Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award from the Health Physics Society and in 2001 the Loevinger-Berman Award from the Society of Nuclear Medicine. James E. Turner (1930-2008) was a retired Corporate Fellow from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and an Adjunct Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee. In addition to extensive research and teaching both in the U. S. and abroad, Dr. Turner served on the editorial staffs of several professional journals, including Health Physics and Radiation Research, and was active in a number of scientific organizations.
Inhaltsangabe
ABOUT ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATION Classical Physics Discovery of X-Rays Some Important Dates in Atomic and Radiation Physics Important Dates in Radiation Protection Sources and Levels of Radiation Exposure Suggested Reading
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC RADIATION The Atomic Nature of Matter (ca. 1900) The Rutherford Nuclear Atom Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom Semiclassical Mechanics, 1913-1925 Quantum Mechanics The Pauli Exclusion Principle Atomic Theory of the Periodic System Molecules Solids and Energy Bands Continuous and Characteristic X Rays Auger Electrons Suggested Reading Problems Answers
THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR RADIATION Nuclear Structure Nuclear Binding Energies Alpha Decay Beta Decay (beta-) Gamma-Ray Emission Internal Conversion Orbital Electron Capture Positron Decay (beta+) Suggested Reading Problems Answers
RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity Exponential Decay Specific Activity Serial Radioactive Decay Natural Radioactivity Radon and Radon Daughters Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Maximum Energy Transfer in a Single Collision Single-Collision Energy-Loss Spectra Stopping Power Semiclassical Calculation of Stopping Power The Bethe Formula for Stopping Power Mean Excitation Energies Table for Computation of Stopping Powers Stopping Power of Water for Protons Range Slowing-Down Time Limitations of Bethe's Stopping-Power Formula Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Collisional Stopping Power Radiative Stopping Power Radiation Yield Range Slowing-Down Time Examples of Electron Tracks in Water Suggested Reading Problems Answers
PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKS Delta Rays Restricted Stopping Power Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Specific Ionization Energy Straggling Range Straggling Multiple Coulomb Scattering Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTER Interaction Mechanisms Photoelectric Effect Energy-Momentum Requirements for Photon Absorption by an Electron Compton Effect Pair Production Photonuclear Reactions Attenuation Coefficients Energy-Transfer and Energy-Absorption Coefficients Calculation of Energy Absorption and Energy Transfer Suggested Reading Problems Answers
NEUTRONS, FISSION, AND CRITICALITY Introduction Neutron Sources Classification of Neutrons Interactions with Matter Elastic Scattering Neutron-Proton Scattering Energy-Loss Spectrum Reactions Energetics of Threshold Reactions Neutron Activation Fission Criticality Suggested Reading Problems Answers
METHODS OF RADIATION DETECTION Ionization in Gases Ionization in Semiconductors Scintillation Photographic Film Thermoluminescence Other Methods Neutron Detection Suggested Reading Problems Answers
STATISTICS The Statistical World of Atoms and Radiation Radioactive Disintegration-Exponential Decay Radioactive Disintegration-a Bernoulli Process The Binomial Distribution The Poisson Distribution The Normal Distribution Error and Error Propagation Counting Radioactive Samples Minimum Significant Measured Activity-Type-I Errors Minimum Detectable True Activity-Type-II Errors Criteria for Radiobioassay, HPS Nl3.30-1996 Instrument Response Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Transport Suggested Reading Problems Answers
RADIATION DOSIMETRY Introduction Quantities and Units Measurement of Exposure Measurement of Absorbed Dose Measurement of X- and Gamma-Ray Dose Ne
ABOUT ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATION Classical Physics Discovery of X-Rays Some Important Dates in Atomic and Radiation Physics Important Dates in Radiation Protection Sources and Levels of Radiation Exposure Suggested Reading
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC RADIATION The Atomic Nature of Matter (ca. 1900) The Rutherford Nuclear Atom Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom Semiclassical Mechanics, 1913-1925 Quantum Mechanics The Pauli Exclusion Principle Atomic Theory of the Periodic System Molecules Solids and Energy Bands Continuous and Characteristic X Rays Auger Electrons Suggested Reading Problems Answers
THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR RADIATION Nuclear Structure Nuclear Binding Energies Alpha Decay Beta Decay (beta-) Gamma-Ray Emission Internal Conversion Orbital Electron Capture Positron Decay (beta+) Suggested Reading Problems Answers
RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity Exponential Decay Specific Activity Serial Radioactive Decay Natural Radioactivity Radon and Radon Daughters Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Maximum Energy Transfer in a Single Collision Single-Collision Energy-Loss Spectra Stopping Power Semiclassical Calculation of Stopping Power The Bethe Formula for Stopping Power Mean Excitation Energies Table for Computation of Stopping Powers Stopping Power of Water for Protons Range Slowing-Down Time Limitations of Bethe's Stopping-Power Formula Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Collisional Stopping Power Radiative Stopping Power Radiation Yield Range Slowing-Down Time Examples of Electron Tracks in Water Suggested Reading Problems Answers
PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKS Delta Rays Restricted Stopping Power Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Specific Ionization Energy Straggling Range Straggling Multiple Coulomb Scattering Suggested Reading Problems Answers
INTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTER Interaction Mechanisms Photoelectric Effect Energy-Momentum Requirements for Photon Absorption by an Electron Compton Effect Pair Production Photonuclear Reactions Attenuation Coefficients Energy-Transfer and Energy-Absorption Coefficients Calculation of Energy Absorption and Energy Transfer Suggested Reading Problems Answers
NEUTRONS, FISSION, AND CRITICALITY Introduction Neutron Sources Classification of Neutrons Interactions with Matter Elastic Scattering Neutron-Proton Scattering Energy-Loss Spectrum Reactions Energetics of Threshold Reactions Neutron Activation Fission Criticality Suggested Reading Problems Answers
METHODS OF RADIATION DETECTION Ionization in Gases Ionization in Semiconductors Scintillation Photographic Film Thermoluminescence Other Methods Neutron Detection Suggested Reading Problems Answers
STATISTICS The Statistical World of Atoms and Radiation Radioactive Disintegration-Exponential Decay Radioactive Disintegration-a Bernoulli Process The Binomial Distribution The Poisson Distribution The Normal Distribution Error and Error Propagation Counting Radioactive Samples Minimum Significant Measured Activity-Type-I Errors Minimum Detectable True Activity-Type-II Errors Criteria for Radiobioassay, HPS Nl3.30-1996 Instrument Response Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Transport Suggested Reading Problems Answers
RADIATION DOSIMETRY Introduction Quantities and Units Measurement of Exposure Measurement of Absorbed Dose Measurement of X- and Gamma-Ray Dose Ne
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