Vincent Zimmer, Michael Rothman, Suresh Marisetty

Beyond BIOS (eBook, ePUB)

Developing with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, Third Edition

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book provides an overview of modern boot firmware, including the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and its associated EFI Developer Kit II (EDKII) firmware. The authors have each made significant contributions to developments in these areas. The reader will learn to use the latest developments in UEFI on modern hardware, including open source firmware and open hardware designs. The book begins with an exploration of interfaces exposed to higher-level software and operating systems, and commences to the left of the boot timeline, describing the flow of typical systems, beginning with the machine restart event.

Software engineers working with UEFI will benefit greatly from this book, while specific sections of the book address topics relevant for a general audience: system architects, pre-operating-system application developers, operating system vendors (loader, kernel), independent hardware vendors (such as for plug-in adapters), and developers of end-user applications. As a secondary audience, project technical leaders or managers may be interested in this book to get a feel for what their engineers are doing.

The reader will find:

• An overview of UEFI and underlying Platform Initialization (PI) specifications
• How to create UEFI applications and drivers
• Workflow to design the firmware solution for a modern platform
• Advanced usages of UEFI firmware for security and manageability

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: De G Press
• Seitenzahl: 322
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Januar 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781501505836
• Artikelnr.: 47562913

Autorenporträt

Vincent Zimmer Engineer, WA, USA, Suresh Marisetty Systems Architect, CA, USA, Michael Rothman Engineer,WA, USA

Inhaltsangabe

Acknowledgements v

Preface vii

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1

Terminology 4

Short History of EFI 5

EFI Becomes UEFI-The UEFI Forum 6

PIWG and USWG 8

Platform Trust/Security 11

Embedded Systems: The New Challenge 12

How the Boot Process Differs between a Normal Boot and an

Optimized/Embedded Boot 13

Summary 14

Chapter 2 - Basic UEFI Architecture 15

Objects Managed by UEFI-based Firmware 15

UEFI System Table 16

Handle Database 16

Protocols 18

Working with Protocols 21

Multiple Protocol Instances 21

Tag GUID 21

UEFI Images 22

Applications 25

OS Loader 25

Drivers 26

Events and Task Priority Levels 27

Summary 30

Chapter 3 - UEFI Driver Model 31

Why a Driver Model Prior to OS Booting? 31

Driver Initialization 32

Host Bus Controllers 33

Device Drivers 35

Bus Drivers 36

Platform Components 38

Hot Plug Events 38

Pseudo Code 41

Device Driver 41

Bus Driver that Creates All of Its Child Handles on the First Call to

Start() 42

Bus Driver that Is Able to Create All or One of Its Child Handles on Each Call

to Start(): 43

Additional Innovations 47

Security 47

Manageability 48

Networking 49

Summary 52

Chapter 4 - Protocols You Should Know 53

EFI OS Loaders 55

Device Path and Image Information of the OS Loader 56

Accessing Files in the Device Path of the OS Loader 57

Finding the OS Partition 58

Getting the Current System Configuration 60

Getting the Current Memory Map 61

Getting Environment Variables 62

Transitioning to an OS Kernel 63

Summary 63

Chapter 5 - UEFI Runtime 65

Isn't There Only One Kind of Memory? 66

How Are Runtime Services Exposed? 69

Time Services 70

Why Abstract Time? 70

Get Time 70

Set Time 71

Get Wakeup Time 72

Set Wakeup Time 72

Virtual Memory Services 72

Set Virtual Address Map 73

ConvertPointer 73

Variable Services 74

GetVariable 74

GetNextVariableName 75

SetVariable 75

Miscellaneous Services 77

Reset System 78

Get Next High Monotonic Count 79

UpdateCapsule 79

QueryCapsuleCapabilities 80



Summary 80

Chapter 6 - UEFI Console Services 81

Simple Text Input Protocol 83

Simple Text Input Ex Protocol 86

Simple Text Output Protocol 87

Remote Console Support 89

Console Splitter 92

Network Consoles 93

Summary 95

Chapter 7 - Different Types of Platforms 97

Summary 110

Chapter 8 - DXE Basics: Core, Dispatching, and Drivers 111

DXE Core 112

Hand-Off Block (HOB) List 114

DXE Architectural Protocols 115

EFI System Table 117

EFI Boot Services Table 118

EFI Runtime Services Table 119

DXE Services Table 119

Global Coherency Domain Services 120

GCD Memory Resources 120

GCD I/O Resources 122

DXE Dispatcher 123

The a priori File 125

Dependency Grammar 125

DXE Drivers 126

Boot Device Selection (BDS) Phase 127

Console Devices 128

Boot Devices 129

Boot Services Terminate 129

Summary 130

Chapter 9 - Some Common UEFI and PI Functions 131

Architectural Protocol Examples 132

CPU Architectural Protocol 133

Real Time Clock Architectural Protocol 135

Timer Architectural Protocol 135

Reset Architectural Protocol 136

Boot Device Selection Architectural Protocol 137

Variable Architectural Protocol 138

Watchdog Timer Architectural Protocol 138

PCI Protocols 139

PCI Host Bridge Resource Allocation Protocol 139

PCI Root Bridge I/O 143

PCI I/O 145

Block I/O 147

Disk I/O 149

Simple File System 150

EFI File Protocol 151

Configuration Infrastructure 152

Using the Configuration Infrastructure 153

Driver Model Interactions 154

Provisioning the Platform 155

Summary 156

Chapter 10 - Platform Security and Trust 157

Trust Overview 157

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and Measured Boot 160

What Is a Trusted Building Block (TBB)? 163

What Is the Point of Measurements? 168

UEFI Secure Boot 169

UEFI Executable Verification 170

UEFI Networking 173

UEFI User Identification (UID) 176

Hardware Evolution: SRTM-to-DRTM 177

Platform Manufacturer 178

Vulnerability Classification 180

Roots of Trust/Guards 180

Summary 181

Chapter 11 - Boot Device Selection 183

Firmware Boot Manager 185

Related Definitions 188

Globally-Defined Variables 188

Default Behavior for Boot Option Variables 191

Boot Mechanisms 191

Boot via Simple File Protocol 192

Boot via LOAD_FILE Protocol 193

Summary 194



Chapter 12 - Boot Flows 195

Defined Boot Modes 196

Priority of Boot Paths 196

Reset Boot Paths 198

Intel® Itanium® Processor Reset 198

Non-Power-On Resets 199

Normal Boot Paths 199

Basic G0-to-S0 and S0 Variation Boot Paths 200

S-State Boot Paths 200

Recovery Paths 201

Discovery 201

General Recovery Architecture 202

Special Boot Path Topics 203

Special Boot Paths 203

Special Intel Itanium® Architecture Boot Paths 203

Intel Itanium® Architecture Access to the Boot Firmware Volume 203

Architectural Boot Mode PPIs 207

Recovery 207

Discovery 208

Summary 208

Chapter 13 - Pre-EFI Initialization (PEI) 209

Scope 209

Rationale 210

Overview 210

Phase Prerequisites 212

Temporary RAM 212

Boot Firmware Volume 212

Security Primitives 213

Concepts 213

PEI Foundation 213

Pre-EFI Initialization Modules (PEIMs) 214

PEI Services 215

PEIM-to-PEIM Interfaces (PPIs) 215

Simple Heap 216

Hand-Off Blocks (HOBs) 216

Operation 217

Dependency Expressions 218

Verification/Authentication 219

PEIM Execution 219

Memory Discovery 219

Intel® Itanium® Processor MP Considerations 220

Recovery 220

S3 Resume 221

The "Terse Executable" and Cache-as-RAM 222

Example System 223

Summary 226

Chapter 14 - Putting It All Together-Firmware Emulation 227

Virtual Platform 228

Emulation Firmware Phases 230

Hardware Pass-Through 235

Summary 236

Chapter 15 - Reducing Platform Boot Times 237

Proof of Concept 240

Marketing Requirements 241

What Are the Design Goals? 242

Platform Policy 242

What Are the Supported OS Targets? 243

Do We Have to Support Legacy Operating Systems? 243

Do We Have to Support Legacy Option ROMs? 243

Are We Required to Display an OEM Splash Screen? 244

What Type of Boot Media Is Supported? 244

What Is the BIOS Recovery/Update Strategy? 245

When Processing Things Early 245

Is There a Need for Pre-OS User Interaction? 246

Additional Details 246

Adjusting the BIOS to Avoid Unnecessary Drivers 246

What Is the Boot Target? 247

Steps Taken in a Normal and Optimized Boot 247

Loading a Boot Target 248

Organizing the Flash Effectively 249

Minimize the Files Needed 249

Summary 250

The Primary Adjustments 250

Suggested Next Steps 251

Chapter 16 - Embedded Boot Solution 253

CE Device Landscape 253

CE Device Boot Challenges 254

In-Vehicle Infotainment 256

Other Embedded Platforms 257

Generic Requirements 258



Boot Strategies 259

Power Management 261

Boot Storage Devices 261

Security 263

Manageability 267

Summary 268

Chapter 17 - Manageability 269

Overall Management Framework 269

Dynamic In-Band 271

Out-of-Band 271

Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) 271

UEFI Error Format Standardization 272

UEFI Error Format Overview 276

Error Record Types 276

Windows Hardware Error Architecture and the Role of UEFI 277

Technology Intercepts: UEFI, IPMI, Intel® AMT, WS-MAN 281

Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) 281

Intel® Active Management Technology (Intel AMT) 283

Web Services Management Protocol (WS-MAN) 285

Other Industry Initiatives 285

The UEFI/IPMI/Intel® AMT/WS-MAN Bridge 286

IPMI Error Records to UEFI 287

UEFI Error Records to IPMI 287

Intel® AMT and IPMI 287

Future Work 288

Configuration Namespace 288

Namespace Entries 292

Summary 293

Appendix A - Data Types 295

Appendix B - Status Codes 297

Index 301