Michael R. Trimble, Mark George

Biological Psychiatry (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Biological psychiatry has dominated psychiatric thinking for the past 40 years, but the knowledge base of the discipline has increased substantially more recently, particularly with advances in genetics and neuroimaging. The third edition of Biological Psychiatry has been thoroughly updated taking into account these developments. As in the earlier editions of the book, there are comprehensive reviews and explanations of the latest advances in neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, genetics and brain imaging-- descriptions not only of methodologies but also of the application of these in clinical settings. It is within this context that there is a considerable emphasis in the book on brain-behaviour relationships both within and without the clinical setting. This edition has been enhanced by the inclusion of new chapters, one on anxiety and another on motivation and the addictions. The chapter that relates to treatments has been extended to include the latest information on brain stimulation techniques. The overall book is well illustrated in order to help with an understanding of the text. For the third edition, Professor Michael Trimble has been joined by Professor Mark George as co-author. These are two of the world's leading biological psychiatrists who both have considerable clinical as well as research experience which they have brought to the book. Unlike multiauthored texts, it has a continuity running through it which aids understanding and prevents repetition. This book is strongly recommended for all practising psychiatrists and trainees wishing for an up-to-date, authoritative, easy to digest and acessible review of the latest advances and conceptualizations in the field. It will also appeal to neurologists interested in neuropsychiatry and biological psychiatry or the psychiatric aspects of neurological disorders, as well as other practising clinicians (psychologists, social workers, nurses) in the mental health field.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 432
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Juli 2010
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470689400
• Artikelnr.: 37298573

Autorenporträt

Professor Trimble was for many years Professor ofBehavioural Neurology and Consultant Physician to the Department ofPsychological Medicine at the National Hospital Queen Square,London. He now holds emeritus status at the above institutions. Hestudied general medicine, obtaining membership of the Royal Collegeof Physicians before going to the National Hospital Queen Squareand then the Maudsley Hospital to advance his training in neurologyand psychiatry. Following an internship in psychiatry at the JohnsHopkins Hospital, Baltimore, he returned to the National Hospitalto pursue a career in neuropsychiatry. He set up a research groupwith main interests in the interface disorders between neurologyand psychiatry, reflected in the developing recognition ofneuropsychiatry and behavioural neurology as independentdisciplines. The research group (Raymond-Way Unit) explored thebehavioural consequences of neurological disorders and theirtreatment, with a major interest in epilepsy and movementdisorders. His current writing and academic interests involveteaching and lecturing on neuroanatomical concepts relevant tounderstanding behaviour and its variations, in particular with aninterest in neuroaesthetics and neurotheology, namely the cerebralbasis of artistic and religious experiences. Dr. George received his medical degree from the MedicalUniversity of South Carolina in Charleston in 1985, where hecontinued with dual residencies in neurology and psychiatry. He isboard certified in both areas. He worked for one year (1990-91) asa Visiting Research Fellow in the Raymond Way NeuropsychiatryResearch Group at the Institute of Neurology, London. He andProfessor Trimble used pharmacology and imaging to study theoverlaps between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Gilles de laTourette Syndrome. During this year he also worked on newfunctional imaging techniques (SPECT and PET) at the Institute ofNuclear Medicine, University College of London and Middlesex Schoolof Medicine, London. He wrote one of the first textbooks in the newarea of brain activation and imaging. Dr George then moved toWashington, DC, working with Dr. Robert Post in the BiologicalPsychiatry Branch of the Intramural National Institute of MentalHealth. He was one of the first to use functional imaging(particularly oxygen PET) to assess brain changes associated withnormal emotions, as well as using imaging to understand brainchanges which occur in depression and mania. This imaging workdirectly led to his pioneering use of transcranial magneticstimulation (TMS) as a probe of neuronal circuits regulating mood,and to clinical trials using TMS as an antidepressant. In 2008prefrontal TMS was FDA approved as an antidepressant treatment. In1995 he moved back to Charleston and built the functionalneuroimaging division and brain stimulation laboratories. Thisimaging group has grown into the MUSC Center for Advanced ImagingResearch, which is now part of the SC Brain Imaging Center ofExcellence. He continues to use imaging and non-invasivestimulation, either separately or more recently in combination, tounderstand the brain regions involved in emotion regulation inhealth and disease. In 1998, he pioneered another new treatment forresistant depression, vagus nerve stimulation, that was recentlyFDA approved. He and his group have used MRI imaging to understandbrain stimulation brain effects. He is on several editorial reviewboards, and has published over 200 scientific articles, and haswritten or edited 5 books. He is the editor-in-chief of a newjournal, Brain Stimulation. He has received several international awards, including the WorldFederation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry LifetimeAchievement Award (2007), the NARSAD Falcone Award (2008) and hewas honored as one of 14 'Pioneers of Medical Progress' saluted inthe August 2009 edition of US News & World Report.

Inhaltsangabe

Acknowledgements xi
Quotations xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xix
Introduction and Preface to the Third Edition xxi
1 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 1 Genetics, Physiology and
Chemistry 1
Introduction 1
Genetics 1
Brain chemistry and metabolism 8
The metabolism of glucose 9
Proteins and fatty acids 9
Cell membranes 10
Synapses 12
Receptors 14
Neurones 21
Neurotransmitters 24
Interrelationships among transmitters 29
Transmitter dispersal 29
CNS inflammation 29
2 Principles of Brain Function and Structure: 2 Anatomy 31
Introduction 31
The neuroanatomy of emotion 32
Individual anatomical structures 41
Ascending and descending limbic-system connections 53
Macrosystems 55
The basal ganglia and the re-entrant circuits 57
The ventral striatum and 'limbic striatum' 58
The ascending cholinergic systems 60
Cortical regions of interest 60
The cerebellum 63
3 Important Brain-Behaviour Relationships 65
Introduction 65
Important anatomical structures for understanding behaviour 68
Some specific behaviours 74
Limbic lobe disorders in a clinical context 77
Re-entrant circuits in a clinical context 78
The frontal lobes in a clinical context 79
Laterality 81
4 Classifications and Clinical Investigations 83
Introduction 83
Signs, symptoms, syndromes and disease 84
Classification in psychiatry 84
Clinical investigation 87
5 Personality Disorders 113
General introduction 113
Introduction to the concept of personality 113
Genetics 118
Somatic variables 121
Metabolic and biochemical findings 121
Neurophysiological and neurological data 123
Some outstanding issues 127
6 Anxiety Disorders 131
Introduction 131
Genetics 134
Somatic variables 135
Metabolic and biochemical findings 135
Neurochemical investigations 137
Neurophysiological and neurological data 140
Imaging 140
Obsessive-compulsive disorder 142
Post-traumatic stress disorder 143
Some outstanding issues 144
7 The Schizophrenias 147
Introduction 147
Genetics 150
Somatic variables 153
Metabolic and biochemical findings 154
Neurochemical investigations 159
Neurophysiological and neurological data 164
Some outstanding issues 176
8 Affective Disorders 183
Introduction 183
Genetics 184
Metabolic and biochemical findings 186
Neurochemical investigations 198
Neurophysiological and neurological data 200
Some outstanding issues 209
9 The Addictions and Disorders of Motivation 215
Introduction 215
Disorders of motivation 216
Conditioning 217
Genetics 219
Metabolic and biochemical findings 221
Neurophysiological and neurological data 223
Some outstanding issues 228
10 Epilepsy 231
Introduction 231
Prevalence and clinical characteristics 231
Classification 231
Genetics 235
Symptomatic epilepsy 235
Biochemical findings 236
Investigation and differential diagnosis 237
Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy 237
Cognitive deterioration and epilepsy 254
Some outstanding issues 255
11 The Dementias 257
Introduction 257
Definition 257
Prevalence 258
Diagnosis and classification 258
Alzheimer's disease 259
Dementia of frontal-lobe type 267
Focal cortical atrophies 268
Dementia with Lewy bodies 268
Vascular dementias 269
Other forms of dementia 271
Further causes of dementia 275
Some outstanding issues 275
12 Biological Treatments 281
Introduction 281
Pharmacology: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 281
Antidepressants 284
Antipsychotic drugs 296
Anxiolytics and hypnotics 304
Beta-Adrenergic blockers 308
Lithium 308
Anticonvulsants 310
Drugs for the treatment of dementia 316
Medications for the addictions 317
Brain-stimulation therapies 318
Sleep-deprivation therapy 329
13 Epilogue: Progress toward a Neuroanatomically,
Biological-psychiatrically Informed Classification Scheme in Psychiatry 331
References 335
Index 395