Samir S. Sofer, Oskar R. Zaborsky

Biomass Conversion Processes for Energy and Fuels (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Countless pages have been written on alternative energy sources since the fall of 1973 when our dependence on fossil petroleum resources became a grim reality. One such alternative is the use of biomass for producing energy and liquid and gaseous fuels. The term "biomass" generally refers to renewable organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis. Thus trees, agri cultural crops, and aquatic plants are prime sources of biomass. Furthermore, as these sources of biomass are harvested and processed into commercial prod ucts, residues and wastes are generated. These, together with municipal solid wastes, not only add to the total organic raw material base that can be utilized for energy purposes but they also need to be removed for environmental reasons. Biomass has been used since antiquity for energy and material needs. In is still one of the most sought-after energy sources in most of the fact, firewood world. Furthermore, wood was still a dominant energy source in the U. S. only a hundred years ago (equal with coal). Currently, biomass contributes about 15 2 quadrillion Btu (l quad = 10 Btu) of energy to our total energy consump tion of about 78 quad. Two quad may not seem large when compared to the contribution made by petroleum (38 quad) or natural gas (20 quad), but bio mass is nearly comparable to nuclear energy (2. 7 quad).

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer US
• Seitenzahl: 436
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781475703016
• Artikelnr.: 43988515

Inhaltsangabe

I. Biomass Sources.- 1. Residues and Wastes.- 2. Agricultural and Forestry Residues.- 3. Aquatic Biomass.- 4. Marine Biomass.- 5. Silvicultural Energy Farms.- II. Conversion Processes.- Section A. Direct Combustion Processes.- 6. Basic Principles of Direct Combustion.- 7. The Andco-Torrax System.- Section B. Thermochemical Processes.- 8. Basic Principles of Thermochemical Conversion.- 9. The Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process.- 10. Carboxylolysis of Biomass.- 11. The Tech-Air Pyrolysis Process.- 12. The Purox Process.- 13. Gasification.- 14. The Syngas Recycle Process.- Section C. Biochemical Conversion Processes.- 15. Basic Principles of Bioconversions in Anaerobic Digestion and Methanogenesis.- 16. Design of Small-Scale Biogas Plants.- 17. Anaerobic Digestion of Kelp.- 18. Basic Principles of Ethanol Fermentation.- 19. Ethanol Production by Fermentation.- III.Technical and Economic Considerations.- 20. Technical Considerations of Biomass Conversion Processes.- 21. Economic Considerations of Biomass Conversion Processes.