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Teaches the fundamentals of mass transport with a unique approach emphasizing engineering principles in a biomedical environment * Includes a basic review of physiology, chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, mass transport, fluid mechanics and relevant mathematical methods * Teaches engineering principles and mathematical modelling useful in the broad range of problems that students will encounter in their academic programs as well as later on in their careers * Illustrates principles with examples taken from physiology and medicine or with design problems involving biomedical devices *…mehr
Teaches the fundamentals of mass transport with a unique approach emphasizing engineering principles in a biomedical environment * Includes a basic review of physiology, chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, mass transport, fluid mechanics and relevant mathematical methods * Teaches engineering principles and mathematical modelling useful in the broad range of problems that students will encounter in their academic programs as well as later on in their careers * Illustrates principles with examples taken from physiology and medicine or with design problems involving biomedical devices * Stresses the simplification of problem formulations based on key geometric and functional features that permit practical analyses of biomedical applications * Offers a web site of homework problems associated with each chapter and solutions available to instructors Homework problems related to each chapter are available from a supplementary website (
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James S. Ultman, PhD, is a Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University. Harihara Baskaran, PhD, is a Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Case Western Reserve University. Gerald M. Saidel, PhD, is a Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xvi
Guidance to Instructors xvii
Methods for Solving Model Equations xix
Acknowledgments xx
About the Companion Website xxi
Part I Introduction 1
1 Biological Structure and Function 3
1.1 Cell Energy Related to Whole-Body Function 4
1.2 Tissue and Organ Systems 8
1.3 Cell Structure and Energy Metabolism 16
2 Modeling Concepts for Biological Mass Transport 21
2.1 Representation of Biological Media 21
2.2 Mechanisms of Mass Transport 25
2.3 Formulation of Material Balances 30
2.4 Spatially Lumped and Distributed Models 32
References 39
Part II Thermodynamics of Biomedical Processes 41
3 Basics of Equilibrium Thermodynamics 43
3.1 Thermodynamic Systems and States 43
3.2 Heat, Work, and the First Law 44
3.3 Enthalpy and Heat Effects 45
3.4 Entropy and the Second Law 46
3.5 Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium 46
3.6 Properties of the Chemical Potential 51
References 53
4 Interfacial and Membrane Equilibria 54
4.1 Equilibrium Criterion 54
4.2 Interfacial Equilibria 56
4.3 Membrane Equilibria 62
4.4 Electrical Double Layer 71
References 75
5 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium 76
5.1 Equilibrium Criterion 76
5.2 Equilibrium Coefficients 78
5.3 Acid Dissociation 80
5.4 Ligand-Receptor Binding 83
5.5 Equilibrium Models of Blood Gas Content 90
References 101
Part III Fundamentals of Rate Processes 103
6 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Transport Rates 105
6.1 Transport Velocities and Fluxes 105
6.2 Stefan-Maxwell Equation 109
6.3 Diffusion of Uncharged Substances 111
6.4 Diffusion of Electrolytes 116
6.5 Transport across Membranes 117
References 123
7 Mechanisms and Models of Diffusion 124
7.1 Transport Rates in Homogeneous Materials 125
7.2 Diffusion Coefficients in Gases 125
7.3 Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids 128
7.4 Transport in Porous Media Models of Tissue 134
7.5 Transport in Suspension Models of Tissue 144
References 151
8 Chemical Reaction Rates 152
8.1 General Kinetic Models 152
8.2 Basis of Reaction Rate Equations 154
8.3 Multi-Step Reactions 158
8.4 Ligand-Receptor Kinetics 161
8.5 Enzyme Kinetics 166
8.6 Urea Cycle as a Reaction Network 173
References 178
Part IV Transport Models in Fluids and Membranes 179
9 Unidirectional Transport 181
9.1 Unidirectional Transport Equations 181
9.2 Steady-State Diffusion 186
9.3 Diffusion with Parallel Convection 191
9.4 Diffusion with Chemical Reaction 194
9.5 Unsteady-State Diffusion 201
References 203
10 Membrane Transport I: Convection and Diffusion Processes 204
10.1 Ordinary Diffusion 204
10.2 Diffusion with Parallel Convection 211
10.3 Cell Membrane Channels 216
References 223
11 Membrane Transport II: Carrier-Mediated Processes 224
11.1 Facilitated Transport of a Single Substance 224
11.2 Cotransport of Two Substrates 227
11.3 Simulation of Tracer Experiments 230
11.4 Primary Active Transport 237
11.5 Electrical Effects on Ion Transport 242
References 244
12 Mass Transfer Coefficients and Chemical Separation Devices 245
