The rapid progression in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis during the last years resulted in the development of new therapeutic concepts that made a great impact on improving the survival of this serious disease. In face of these changes, this book summarizes the importance of the hemostatic mechanisms, especially of the protein C pathway, in the pathophysiology of sepsis and critical illness. In this textbook, recent studies are discussed and clinical and experimental results have been summarized. All new therapeutic modalities are covered and are related to a reasonable and evidence-based concept of modern sepsis therapy.