Brain Development (eBook, PDF)

Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine
Redaktion: Miller, Michael W.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

This is the first book about both normal development of the nervous system and how early exposure to alcohol and nicotine interferes with this development. The developing nervous system is highly dynamic and vulnerable to genetic and epigenetic factors that can be additive or synergistic. Disruption of normal brain development leads to an array of developmental disorders. One of the most common of these is mental retardation, the prime cause of which is prenatal exposure to alcohol. As chapters in this book show, alcohol has direct effects on the developing neural system and it affects genetic regulation. Another common neurotoxin is nicotine, and it is discussed in this book for three reasons: (1) the number of adolescents who smoke cigarettes is rising in some populations; (2) prenatal exposure to nicotine affects neurotransmitter systems that are critical for normal brain development and cognition; and (3) prenatal exposure to nicotine is often accompanied by prenatal exposure to alcohol.LThe mature brain is the culmination of an orderly sequence of the basic ontogenetic processes--cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. Neural stem cells and progenitors proliferate in discrete sites; then, young neurons migrate long distances to their residences where they form neural networks. During this sequence many immature cells die, presumably eliminating unsuitable or non-competitive cells. Each process is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. When this regulation goes awry, a dysmorphic and dysfunctional brain results. Though this can be tragic in clinical settings, in experimental contexts it provides keen insight into normal brain development.LThe book is divided into three parts. The first describes neural ontogeny in the normal brain. The second and third deal with the consequences of early exposure to alcohol and nicotine. Though there are similarities in the effects of these two toxins, there are also intriguing differences. The commonalities reflect the plasticity and resilience of the developing brain while the differences point to the targeted effects of the two toxins. Exploring these effects brings a richer appreciation of brain development. The book will be of interest to neuroscientists, developmental biologists, teratologists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, and to their students and trainees.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Oxford University Press
• Seitenzahl: 424
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. April 2006
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780199795970
• Artikelnr.: 38135087

Inhaltsangabe

* 1: Michael W. Miller: Models of Neurotoxicity Provide Insight into
Normal Development
* Part I - Normal Development
* 2: Bernhard Suter and Pradeep G. Bhide: Cell Proliferation
* 3: Huaiyu Hu: Neuronal Migration
* 4: C. David Mintz, Iddil H. Bekirov, Tonya R. Anderson, and Deanna L.
Benson: Neuronal Differentiation: From Axons to Synapses
* 5: Stevens K. Rehen and Jerold J.M. Chun: Cell Death
* 6: Sandra M. Mooney and George I. Henderson: Intracellular Pathways
of Neuronal Death
* 7: Barbara L. Finlay, Jeremy C. Yost and Desmond T. Cheung:
Developmental Disorders and Evolutionary Expectations: Mechanisms of
Resilience
* Part II - Ethanol-Affected Development
* 8: Claire D. Coles: Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Human Development
* 9: Susanna L. Fryer, Christie L. McGee, Andrea D. Spadoni, and Edward
P. Riley: Influence of Alcohol on the Structure of the Developing
Human Brain
* 10: Joanna H. Sliwowska, Xingqi Zhang, and Joanne Weinberg: Prenatal
Ethanol Exposure and Fetal Programming: Implications for Endocrine
and Immune Development and Long-Term Health
* 11: Michael W. Miller: Early Exposure to Ethanol Affects the
Proliferation of Neuronal Precursors
* 12: W. Michael Zawada and Mita Das: Effects of Ethanol on the
Regulation of Cell Cycle in Neural Stem Cells
* 13: Julie A. Siegenthaler and Michael W. Miller: Mechanisms of
Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Neuronal Migration
* 14: Tara A. Lindsley: Effects of Ethanol on Mechanisms Regulating
Neuronal Process Outgrowth
* 15: Michael W. Miller, Marla B. Bruns and Paula L. Hoffman: Neuronal
Survival Is Compromised by Ethanol: Extracellular Mediators
* 16: Sandra M. Mooney, Michael W. Miller and George I. Henderson:
Intracellular Events in Neuronal Death Targeted by Ethanol
* 17: Susan M. Smith and Katherine A. Debelak-Kragtorp: Neural Crest
and Developmental Exposure to Ethanol
* 18: Consuelo Guerri, Gemma Rubert, and Maria Pasqual: Glial Targets
of Developmental Exposure to Ethanol
* Part III - Nicotine-Affected Development
* 19: Jennifer A. Willford, Nancy L. Day, and Marie D. Cornelius:
Tobacco use During Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Effects on Offspring
* 20: Brenda M. Elliott and Neil E. Grunberg: Prenatal Nicotine
Exposure and Animal Behavior
* 21: Huibert D. Mansvelder and Lorna W. Role: Neuronal Receptors for
Nicotine: Functional Diversity and Developmental Changes
* 22: Kurt F. Hauser, Nazira El-Hage, Shreya Buch, Gregory N. Barnes,
Henrietta S. Bada, and James R. Pauly: Neural Precursors as
Preferential Targets for Drug Abuse: Long Term Consequences and
Latent Susceptibility to CNS Disorders
* 23: Frances M. Leslie, Layla Azam, Kathy Gallardo, Kathryn O'Leary,
Ryan Franke, and Shahrdad Lotfipour: Nicotinic Receptor Regulation of
Developing Catecholamine Systems

Rezensionen

...a very detailed and in-depth look at the topic...an excellent book that will be useful to many readers, including pediatricians, toxicologist, substance abuse specialists, researchers, and many others. Doody's Notes