About 22% of cancer deaths are caused by smoking. Obesity, poor diet, inactivity, or excessive alcohol consumption account for another 10%. Certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and pollutants in the environment are additional factors. Infections like Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, the human papillomavirus, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) account for 15% of cancer cases in developing countries. A cell's genes are altered, at least partially, by these factors. Before cancer develops, numerous genetic changes are typically required. Genetic defects are the cause of between 5 and 10% of cancers. Certain signs and symptoms or screening tests can help find cancer. Following that, medical imaging and a biopsy are typically used to confirm the diagnosis.
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