Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates (eBook, PDF)

Comparative and Evolutionary Aspects
Redaktion: Glass, Mogens L.; Wood, Stephen C.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

The focus of this book is the evolution of cardiovascular and respiratory control in vertebrates. Life originated in water, which has constantly changing temperatures and O₂ levels. Fish gills can extract up to 80% of their inspired O₂, because they have a countercurrent bloodstream. Oxygen sensors have been found within the gill arches of ray-finned fish such as carp and trout, and these O₂ sensors screen the inspired water and the capillary blood.

Very likely, land vertebrates and the lungfish arose as a sister group, and both possess real lungs. Lungfish include 6 species, inhabiting shallow lakes or rivers, whereas the second ramification includes all the land vertebrates. A possible ancestor to the lungfish and land vertebrates has been discovered in China, and this fossil (Styloichthys) bridges a gap. Living 417 million years ago, it could represent one of the last ramifications before the common ancestor to the lungfish and land vertebrates. In addition, rather constant atmospheric O₂ levels permit a joint acid-base regulation by the lung and the kidney. Likewise, lungfish and land vertebrates share a central control of pulmonary ventilation, while the peripheral receptor contribution to acid-base regulation is minor.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Seitenzahl: 546
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. Juli 2009
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783540939856
• Artikelnr.: 37367662

Inhaltsangabe

Control of Respiration in Aquatic Vertebrates.- Overview of the Respiratory System.- Gas Transport and Gill Function in Water-Breathing Fish.- Patterns of Acid-Base Regulation During Exposure to Hypercarbia in Fishes.- Buoyancy Control in Aquatic Vertebrates.- Gas Exchange and Control of Respiration in Air-Breathing Teleost Fish.- Effects of Temperature on Cardiac Function in Teleost Fish.- Physiological Evidence Indicates Lungfish as a Sister Group to the Land Vertebrates.- Aestivation in Amphibians, Reptiles, and Lungfish.- Evolution of pulmonary mechanics and respiratory control.- Trade-offs in the Evolution of the Respiratory Apparatus of Chordates.- Environmental Selection Pressures Shaping the Pulmonary Surfactant System of Adult and Developing Lungs.- Midbrain Structures and Control of Ventilation in Amphibians.- Comparative Aspects of Hypoxia Tolerance of the Ectothermic Vertebrate Heart.- Control of the Heart and of Cardiorespiratory Interactions in Ectothermic Vertebrates.- The Endocrine-Paracrine Control of the Cardiovascular System.- Stoking the Brightest Fires of Life Among Vertebrates.- Respiratory Physiology of Birds: Metabolic Control.- Prenatal Development of Cardiovascular Regulation in Avian Species.- Control of Breathing in Birds: Implications for High-Altitude Flight.- Mammalian and Human Physiology.- Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Mammals: Structure, Function and Transduction.- Central Chemosensitivity in Mammals.- Human Exercise Physiology.