Ceramics Science and Technology (eBook, ePUB)

Volume 2: Materials and Properties
Redaktion: Riedel, Ralf; Chen, I-Wei

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Although ceramics have been known to mankind literally for millennia, research has never ceased. Apart from the classic uses as a bulk material in pottery, construction, and decoration, the latter half of the twentieth century saw an explosive growth of application fields, such as electrical and thermal insulators, wear-resistant bearings, surface coatings, lightweight armour, or aerospace materials. In addition to plain, hard solids, modern ceramics come in many new guises such as fabrics, ultrathin films, microstructures and hybrid composites. Built on the solid foundations laid down by the 20-volume series Materials Science and Technology, Ceramics Science and Technology picks out this exciting material class and illuminates it from all sides. Materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biochemists, physicists and medical researchers alike will find this work a treasure trove for a wide range of ceramics knowledge from theory and fundamentals to practical approaches and problem solutions.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-VCH
• Seitenzahl: 862
• Erscheinungstermin: 20. November 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783527802579
• Artikelnr.: 44241624

Autorenporträt

Ralf Riedel has been a professor at the Institute of Materials Science of Darmstadt University of Technology since 1993. He received his degree in chemistry in 1984, followed by two years of dissertation work with Professor Ekkehard Fluck at the University of Stuttgart. After postdoctoral research at the Max-Planck Institute for Metals Research and the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart, he gained his lecturing qualification in the field of inorganic chemistry in 1992. He is a member of the World Academy of Ceramics and Guest Professor at the Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang, China, a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society and a recipient of the Dionyz Stur Gold Medal for merits in natural sciences. In 2006 he received an honorary doctorate from the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. Professor Riedel has published more than 300 papers and patents and is widely known for his research in the field of polymer derived ceramics and on ultra high pressure synthesis of new materials.

I-Wei Chen is currently Skirkanich Professor of Materials Innovation at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997, where he also gained his master's degree in 1975. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from Tsinghua University, Taiwan, in 1972, and earned his doctorate in metallurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980. He taught at the University of Michigan (Materials) during 1986-1997 and MIT (Nuclear Engineering; Materials) during 1980-1986. He began ceramic research studying martensitic transformations in zirconia nano crystals, which led to work on transformation plasticity, superplasticity, fatigue, grain growth and sintering in various oxides and nitrides. He is currently interested in nanotechnology of ferroelectrics, thin film memory devices, and nano particles for biomedical applications. A Fellow of American Ceramic Society (1991) and recipient of its Ross Coffin Purdy Award (1994), Edward C. Henry Award (1999) and Sosman Award (2006), he authored over 90 papers in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society (1986-2006). He also received Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists (1997).

Inhaltsangabe

PrefacePART I: Ceramic Material ClassesCERAMIC OXIDESIntroductionAluminum OxideMagnesium OxideZinc OxideTitanium DioxideZirconium OxideCerium OxideYttrium OxideNITRIDESSilicon NitrideBoron NitrideAluminum NitrideTitanium NitrideTantalum NitrideChromium NitrideTernary NitridesLight-Emitting Nitride and Oxynitride PhosphorsGALLIUM NITRIDE AND OXONITRIDESIntroductionGallium NitridesGallium OxidesGallium OxonitridesOutlookSILICON CARBIDE- AND BORON CARBIDE-BASED HARD MATERIALSIntroductionStructure and ChemistryProduction of Particles and FibersDense Ceramic ShapesProperties of Silicon Carbide- and Boron Carbide-Based MaterialsApplications of CarbidesCOMPLEX OXYNITRIDESIntroductionPrinciples of Silicon-Based Oxynitride StructuresComplex Si-Al-O-N PhasesM-Si-Al-O-N OxynitridesOxynitride GlassesOxynitride Glass CeramicsConclusionsPEROVSKITESIntroductionCrystal StructurePhysical PropertiesChemical and Catalytic PropertiesTHE Mn+1AXn PHASES AND THEIR PROPERTIESIntroductionBonding and StructureElastic PropertiesElectronic TransportThermal PropertiesMechanical PropertiesTribological Properties and MachinabilityConcluding RemarksPART II: Structures and PropertiesSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSIntroductionSelf-Reinforced Silicon NitridesFibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Large Grains)Fibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Small Grains)Grain Boundary Phase ControlFibrous Grain-Aligned Porous Silicon NitridesDISLOCATIONS IN CERAMICSIntroductionThe Critical Resolved Shear StressCrystallography of SlipDislocations in Particular OxidesWork HardeningSolution HardeningClosing RemarksDEFECT STRUCTURE, NONSTOICHIOMETRY, AND NONSTOICHIOMETRY RELAXATION OF COMPLEX OXIDESIntroductionDefect StructureOxygen NaonstoichiometryNonstoichiometry Re-EquilibrationINTERFACES AND MICROSTRUCTURES IN MATERIALSIntroductionInterfaces in MaterialsPractical ImplicationsSummary and OutlookPART III: Mechanical PropertiesFRACTURE OF CERAMICSIntroductionAppearance of Failure and Typical Failure ModesA Short Overview of Damage MechanismsBrittle FractureProbabilistic Aspects of Brittle FractureDelayed FractureConcluding RemarksCREEP MECHANISMS IN COMMERICAL GRADES OF SILICON NITRIDEIntroductionMaterial CharacterizationDiscussion of Experimental DataModels of Creep in Silicon NitrideConclusionsFRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CERAMICSIntroductionTheory of FractureToughened CeramicsInfluence of Crack Growth Resistance Curve Upon Failure by FractureDetermination of Fracture ResistanceFatigueConcluding RemarksSUPERPLASTICITY IN CERAMICS: ACCOMMODATION-CONTROLLING MECHANISMS REVISITEDIntroductionMacroscopic and Microscopic Features of SuperplasticityNature of the Grain BoundariesAccommodation Processes SuperplasticityApplications of SuperplasticityFuture Prospective in the FieldPART IV: Thermal, Electrical, and Magnetic PropertiesTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITYIntroductionThermal Conductivity of Dielectric CeramicsHigh-Thermal Conductivity Nonoxide CeramicsMechanical Properties of High-Thermal Conductivity Si3N4 CeramicsConcluding RemarksELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMICSIntroductionSpace Charge Layers in Semiconducting Ceramic MaterialsEffect of Space Charge Profiles on the Observed ConductivityInfluence of Nanostructure on Charge Carrier DistributionsCase StudiesConclusions and ObservationsFERROELECTRIC PROPERTIESIntroductionIntrinsic Properties: The Anisotrophy of PropertiesExtrinsic Properties: Hard and Soft FerroelectricsTextured Ferroelectric MaterialsFerroelectricity and MagnetismFatigue in Ferroelectric MaterialsMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES: FROM BULK TO NANOIntroductionProperties of Transition Metal 3d OrbitalsIron OxidesFerritesChromium DioxideManganese Oxide PhasesConcluding RemarksPrefacePART I: Ceramic Material ClassesCERAMIC OXIDESIntroductionAluminum OxideMagnesium OxideZinc OxideTitanium DioxideZirconium OxideCerium OxideYttrium OxideNITRIDESSilicon NitrideBoron NitrideAluminum NitrideTitanium NitrideTantalum NitrideChromium NitrideTernary NitridesLight-Emitting Nitride and Oxynitride PhosphorsGALLIUM NITRIDE AND OXONITRIDESIntroductionGallium NitridesGallium OxidesGallium OxonitridesOutlookSILICON CARBIDE- AND BORON CARBIDE-BASED HARD MATERIALSIntroductionStructure and ChemistryProduction of Particles and FibersDense Ceramic ShapesProperties of Silicon Carbide- and Boron Carbide-Based MaterialsApplications of CarbidesCOMPLEX OXYNITRIDESIntroductionPrinciples of Silicon-Based Oxynitride StructuresComplex Si-Al-O-N PhasesM-Si-Al-O-N OxynitridesOxynitride GlassesOxynitride Glass CeramicsConclusionsPEROVSKITESIntroductionCrystal StructurePhysical PropertiesChemical and Catalytic PropertiesTHE Mn+1AXn PHASES AND THEIR PROPERTIESIntroductionBonding and StructureElastic PropertiesElectronic TransportThermal PropertiesMechanical PropertiesTribological Properties and MachinabilityConcluding RemarksPART II: Structures and PropertiesSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSIntroductionSelf-Reinforced Silicon NitridesFibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Large Grains)Fibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Small Grains)Grain Boundary Phase ControlFibrous Grain-Aligned Porous Silicon NitridesDISLOCATIONS IN CERAMICSIntroductionThe Critical Resolved Shear StressCrystallography of SlipDislocations in Particular OxidesWork HardeningSolution HardeningClosing RemarksDEFECT STRUCTURE, NONSTOICHIOMETRY, AND NONSTOICHIOMETRY RELAXATION OF COMPLEX OXIDESIntroductionDefect StructureOxygen NaonstoichiometryNonstoichiometry Re-EquilibrationINTERFACES AND MICROSTRUCTURES IN MATERIALSIntroductionInterfaces in MaterialsPractical ImplicationsSummary and OutlookPART III: Mechanical PropertiesFRACTURE OF CERAMICSIntroductionAppearance of Failure and Typical Failure ModesA Short Overview of Damage MechanismsBrittle FractureProbabilistic Aspects of Brittle FractureDelayed FractureConcluding RemarksCREEP MECHANISMS IN COMMERICAL GRADES OF SILICON NITRIDEIntroductionMaterial CharacterizationDiscussion of Experimental DataModels of Creep in Silicon NitrideConclusionsFRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CERAMICSIntroductionTheory of FractureToughened CeramicsInfluence of Crack Growth Resistance Curve Upon Failure by FractureDetermination of Fracture ResistanceFatigueConcluding RemarksSUPERPLASTICITY IN CERAMICS: ACCOMMODATION-CONTROLLING MECHANISMS REVISITEDIntroductionMacroscopic and Microscopic Features of SuperplasticityNature of the Grain BoundariesAccommodation Processes SuperplasticityApplications of SuperplasticityFuture Prospective in the FieldPART IV: Thermal, Electrical, and Magnetic PropertiesTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITYIntroductionThermal Conductivity of Dielectric CeramicsHigh-Thermal Conductivity Nonoxide CeramicsMechanical Properties of High-Thermal Conductivity Si3N4 CeramicsConcluding RemarksELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMICSIntroductionSpace Charge Layers in Semiconducting Ceramic MaterialsEffect of Space Charge Profiles on the Observed ConductivityInfluence of Nanostructure on Charge Carrier DistributionsCase StudiesConclusions and ObservationsFERROELECTRIC PROPERTIESIntroductionIntrinsic Properties: The Anisotrophy of PropertiesExtrinsic Properties: Hard and Soft FerroelectricsTextured Ferroelectric MaterialsFerroelectricity and MagnetismFatigue in Ferroelectric MaterialsMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES: FROM BULK TO NANOIntroductionProperties of Transition Metal 3d OrbitalsIron OxidesFerritesChromium DioxideManganese Oxide PhasesConcluding Remarks