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Case Study from the year 2019 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: A, Sokoine University of Agriculture, language: English, abstract: The aim of this study is to assess challenges facing implementation of competence-based curriculum in Science subjects in secondary schools. The study followed a qualitative approach, and adopted a case study design. A sample of three science teachers and four science learners participated in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews with teachers, focus group interviews with learners and lesson observation. Teaching and learning of science is faced by many challenges in most developing countries. There is a shortage of qualified science teachers in some African countries and in some instances teachers Data were then analyzed. The study found that there were numerous challenges related to lack of required infrastructure and resources for science teaching. There were also challenges related to learners’ background, language of instruction and lack of parental support.