Chance, Calculation and Life (eBook, ePUB)

Redaktion: Gaudin, Thierry; Pomerol, Jean-Charles; Maurel, Marie-Christine

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Chance, Calculation and Life brings together 16 original papers from the colloquium of the same name, organized by the International Cultural Center of Cerisy in 2019. From mathematics to the humanities and biology, there are many concepts and questions related to chance. What are the different types of chance? Does chance correspond to a lack of knowledge about the causes of events, or is there a truly intrinsic and irreducible chance? Does chance preside over our decisions? Does it govern evolution? Is it at the origin of life? What part do chance and necessity play in biology? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together the clear and richly documented contributions of mathematicians, physicists, biologists and philosophers who make this book an incomparable tool for work and reflection.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 304
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. April 2021
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119823957
• Artikelnr.: 61690835

Autorenporträt

Thierry Gaudin is an engineer at MINES ParisTech and holds a doctorate in Information Sciences and Communication from Paris Nanterre University, France. He is a widely renowned expert in innovation policy and has worked with the OECD, the European Commission and the World Bank. Marie-Christine Maurel is Professor at Sorbonne University and a researcher at the Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity, MNHN, Paris, France. Jean-Charles Pomerol is Professor Emeritus at Sorbonne University, France. He is a specialist in Decision Support Systems and former project leader for information technology in the Engineering Sciences Department at the CNRS. He was formerly in charge of the Artificial Intelligence laboratory at UPMC, Paris, as well as the President of UPMC between 2006 and 2011.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi
Thierry GAUDIN, Marie-Christine MAUREL, Jean-Charles POMEROL

Introduction xv
Thierry GAUDIN, Marie-Christine MAUREL, Jean-Charles POMEROL

Part 1. Randomness in all of its Aspects 1

Chapter 1. Classical, Quantum and Biological Randomness as Relative Unpredictability 3
Cristian S. CALUDE and Giuseppe LONGO

1.1. Introduction 3

1.1.1. Brief historical overview 4

1.1.2. Preliminary remarks 5

1.2. Randomness in classical dynamics 6

1.3. Quantum randomness 8

1.4. Randomness in biology 15

1.5. Random sequences: a theory invariant approach 21

1.6. Classical and quantum randomness revisited 24

1.6.1. Classical versus algorithmic randomness 24

1.6.2. Quantum versus algorithmic randomness 26

1.7. Conclusion and opening: toward a proper biological randomness 27

1.8. Acknowledgments 30

1.9. References 30

Chapter 2. In The Name of Chance 37
Gilles PAGÈS

2.1. The birth of probabilities and games of chance 37

2.1.1. Solutions 38

2.1.2. To what end? 40

2.2. A very brief history of probabilities 41

2.3. Chance? What chance? 42

2.4. Prospective possibility 45

2.4.1. LLN + CLT + ENIAC = MC 45

2.4.2. Generating chance through numbers 46

2.4.3. Going back the other way 48

2.4.4. Prospective possibility as master of the world? 50

2.5. Appendix: Congruent generators, can prospective chance be periodic? 53

2.5.1. A little modulo n arithmetic 53

2.5.2. From erratic arithmetic to algorithmic randomness 56

2.5.3. And, the winner is... Mersenne Twister 623.. 60

2.6. References 61

Chapter 3. Chance in a Few Languages 63
Clarisse HERRENSCHMIDT

3.1. Classical Sanskrit 64

3.2. Persian and Arabic 65

3.3. Ancient Greek 66

3.4. Russian 67

3.5. Latin 67

3.6. French 69

3.7. English 71

3.8. Dice, chance and the symbolic world 72

3.9. References 77

Chapter 4. The Collective Determinism of Quantum Randomness 79
François VANNUCCI

4.1. True or false chance 79

4.2. Chance sneaks into uncertainty 81

4.3. The world of the infinitely small 82

4.4. A more figurative example 84

4.5. Einstein's act of resistance 86

4.6. Schrödinger's cat to neutrino oscillations 87

4.7. Chance versus the anthropic principle 90

4.8. And luck in life? 92

4.9. Chance and freedom 94

Chapter 5. Wave-Particle Chaos to the Stability of Living 97
Stéphane DOUADY

5.1. Introduction 97

5.2. The chaos of the wave-particle 97

5.3. The stability of living things 104

5.4. Conclusion 107

5.5. Acknowledgments 108

5.6. References 108

Chapter 6. Chance in Cosmology: Random and Turbulent Creation of Multiple Cosmos 109
Michel CASSÉ

6.1. Is quantum cosmology oxymoronic? 109

6.2. Between two realities - at the entrance and exit - is virtuality 120

6.3. Who will sing the metamorphoses of this high vacuum? 120

6.4. Loop lament 121

6.5. The quantum vacuum exists, Casimir has met it 122

6.6. The generosity of the quantum vacuum 122

6.7. Landscapes 126

6.8. The good works of Inflation 128

6.9. Sub species aeternitatis 129

6.10. The smiling vacuum 130

Chapter 7. The Chance in Decision: When Neurons Flip a Coin 133
Mathias PESSIGLIONE

7.1. A very subjective utility 1