Chemistry and Biological Activities of Ivermectin (eBook, PDF)
Redaktion: Ali, Rashid; Shahid-Ul-Islam
168,99 €
168,99 €
inkl. MwSt.
Sofort per Download lieferbar
0 °P sammeln
168,99 €
Als Download kaufen
168,99 €
inkl. MwSt.
Sofort per Download lieferbar
0 °P sammeln
Jetzt verschenken
Alle Infos zum eBook verschenken
168,99 €
inkl. MwSt.
Sofort per Download lieferbar
Alle Infos zum eBook verschenken
0 °P sammeln
Chemistry and Biological Activities of Ivermectin (eBook, PDF)
Redaktion: Ali, Rashid; Shahid-Ul-Islam
- Format: PDF
- Merkliste
- Auf die Merkliste
- Bewerten Bewerten
- Teilen
- Produkt teilen
- Produkterinnerung
- Produkterinnerung
Bitte loggen Sie sich zunächst in Ihr Kundenkonto ein oder registrieren Sie sich bei
bücher.de, um das eBook-Abo tolino select nutzen zu können.
Hier können Sie sich einloggen
Hier können Sie sich einloggen
Sie sind bereits eingeloggt. Klicken Sie auf 2. tolino select Abo, um fortzufahren.
Bitte loggen Sie sich zunächst in Ihr Kundenkonto ein oder registrieren Sie sich bei bücher.de, um das eBook-Abo tolino select nutzen zu können.
The main intention of this volume is to focus on the chemistry and biological activities. The chapters have been arranged in a systematic manner, starting from the historical background and synthesis of IVM to the pharmacological and environmental aspects, followed by diverse potential applications. Although the usage of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 remains investigational and controversial, one of the chapters is dedicated to its use.
- Geräte: PC
- mit Kopierschutz
- eBook Hilfe
- Größe: 9.35MB
The main intention of this volume is to focus on the chemistry and biological activities. The chapters have been arranged in a systematic manner, starting from the historical background and synthesis of IVM to the pharmacological and environmental aspects, followed by diverse potential applications. Although the usage of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 remains investigational and controversial, one of the chapters is dedicated to its use.
Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in A, B, BG, CY, CZ, D, DK, EW, E, FIN, F, GR, HR, H, IRL, I, LT, L, LR, M, NL, PL, P, R, S, SLO, SK ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 288
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. September 2023
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781394168026
- Artikelnr.: 68885141
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 288
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. September 2023
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781394168026
- Artikelnr.: 68885141
Rashid Ali, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India after receiving his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in organic and supramolecular chemistry. He has more than 50 research articles in international journals as well as multiple book chapters. Shahid-ul-Islam, PhD, is a Research Scientist at the Department of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT). His areas of interest are antimicrobial coatings, green chemistry, fibers & polymers, polymeric composites and nanocomoposites, and nano-biotechnology. He has published numerous peer-reviewed research articles in journals of high repute as well as contributions to several books published by the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.
Preface xi
1 Introduction to Ivermectin 1
Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Atif Khurshid Wani, Tahir ul Gani Mir and Nahid Akther
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Sources and Synthesis 3
1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin 4
1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle 8
1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 8
1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin 10
1.7 Conclusion 13
2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and
its Homologues 23
Shakeel Alvi, Mohd Kamil Hussain and Rashid Ali
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues 29
2.3 Biosynthesis 29
2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway 33
2.5 Crystal Structure 42
2.6 Conclusion and Outlook 42
3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 47
Hari Madhav, Mohammad Rehan, Nasimul Hoda and Ehtesham Jameel
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 50
3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs 52
3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 52
3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 53
3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action 54
3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin 55
3.8 Conclusions 59
3.9 Acknowledgments 60
4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent 69
Areeba Rahman, Abdulaziz S. Alouffi, Mohammad Husain and Abdur Rub
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections 76
4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites 83
4.4 Conclusions 83
4.5 Acknowledgements 84
5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria
93
Iram Irfan, Diksha Shahi, Mukesh C. Joshi, Shailja Singh and Mohammad Abid
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Malaria 95
5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria 100
5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage 105
5.5 About Ivermectin 106
5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors 107
5.7 Conclusions 112
5.8 Acknowledgments 113
6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic 121
Mohd Kamil Hussain, Rashid Ali, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Faheem Khan and
Mohammad Saquib
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis 124
6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels 125
6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis 127
6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration 127
6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) 128
6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) 128
6.8 Epigenetic Modulator 129
6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy 129
6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 130
6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) 130
6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase 131
6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis 132
6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) 132
6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses 132
6.16 Conclusions 133
7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent 141
Mudasir Nabi Peerzada and Saurabh Verma
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin 147
7.3 Conclusions 155
8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide 163
Manisha Arora Pandit and Tarkeshwar
8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic 165
8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin 176
9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology 199
Vikrant Jayant and Rashid Ali
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM 203
9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin 206
9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection
of Skin 212
9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the
Skin 219
9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS)
220
9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of
Skin-Related Issues 221
9.8 Conclusions 224
10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin 231
Shabnam Kawoosa, Rabiah Bashir, Sheeba Nazir, Zubaid-ul-Khazir Rather,
Gulam Nabi Yatoo and Nisar Ahmad Khan
10.1 Introduction 231
10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin 233
10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses 236
10.4 Conclusion 242
11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin 247
Ayesha Akhtar, Nasreen A. Mazumdar and Afreen Inam
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Ivermectin's Antiparasitic Activity 249
11.3 Pharmacology 250
11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals 251
11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites 255
11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin 258
11.7 Conclusion 259
References 259
Index 265
1 Introduction to Ivermectin 1
Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Atif Khurshid Wani, Tahir ul Gani Mir and Nahid Akther
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Sources and Synthesis 3
1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin 4
1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle 8
1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 8
1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin 10
1.7 Conclusion 13
2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and
its Homologues 23
Shakeel Alvi, Mohd Kamil Hussain and Rashid Ali
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues 29
2.3 Biosynthesis 29
2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway 33
2.5 Crystal Structure 42
2.6 Conclusion and Outlook 42
3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 47
Hari Madhav, Mohammad Rehan, Nasimul Hoda and Ehtesham Jameel
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 50
3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs 52
3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 52
3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 53
3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action 54
3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin 55
3.8 Conclusions 59
3.9 Acknowledgments 60
4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent 69
Areeba Rahman, Abdulaziz S. Alouffi, Mohammad Husain and Abdur Rub
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections 76
4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites 83
4.4 Conclusions 83
4.5 Acknowledgements 84
5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria
93
Iram Irfan, Diksha Shahi, Mukesh C. Joshi, Shailja Singh and Mohammad Abid
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Malaria 95
5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria 100
5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage 105
5.5 About Ivermectin 106
5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors 107
5.7 Conclusions 112
5.8 Acknowledgments 113
6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic 121
Mohd Kamil Hussain, Rashid Ali, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Faheem Khan and
Mohammad Saquib
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis 124
6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels 125
6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis 127
6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration 127
6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) 128
6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) 128
6.8 Epigenetic Modulator 129
6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy 129
6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 130
6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) 130
6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase 131
6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis 132
6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) 132
6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses 132
6.16 Conclusions 133
7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent 141
Mudasir Nabi Peerzada and Saurabh Verma
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin 147
7.3 Conclusions 155
8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide 163
Manisha Arora Pandit and Tarkeshwar
8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic 165
8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin 176
9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology 199
Vikrant Jayant and Rashid Ali
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM 203
9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin 206
9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection
of Skin 212
9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the
Skin 219
9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS)
220
9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of
Skin-Related Issues 221
9.8 Conclusions 224
10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin 231
Shabnam Kawoosa, Rabiah Bashir, Sheeba Nazir, Zubaid-ul-Khazir Rather,
Gulam Nabi Yatoo and Nisar Ahmad Khan
10.1 Introduction 231
10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin 233
10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses 236
10.4 Conclusion 242
11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin 247
Ayesha Akhtar, Nasreen A. Mazumdar and Afreen Inam
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Ivermectin's Antiparasitic Activity 249
11.3 Pharmacology 250
11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals 251
11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites 255
11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin 258
11.7 Conclusion 259
References 259
Index 265
Preface xi
1 Introduction to Ivermectin 1
Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Atif Khurshid Wani, Tahir ul Gani Mir and Nahid Akther
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Sources and Synthesis 3
1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin 4
1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle 8
1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 8
1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin 10
1.7 Conclusion 13
2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and
its Homologues 23
Shakeel Alvi, Mohd Kamil Hussain and Rashid Ali
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues 29
2.3 Biosynthesis 29
2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway 33
2.5 Crystal Structure 42
2.6 Conclusion and Outlook 42
3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 47
Hari Madhav, Mohammad Rehan, Nasimul Hoda and Ehtesham Jameel
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 50
3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs 52
3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 52
3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 53
3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action 54
3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin 55
3.8 Conclusions 59
3.9 Acknowledgments 60
4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent 69
Areeba Rahman, Abdulaziz S. Alouffi, Mohammad Husain and Abdur Rub
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections 76
4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites 83
4.4 Conclusions 83
4.5 Acknowledgements 84
5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria
93
Iram Irfan, Diksha Shahi, Mukesh C. Joshi, Shailja Singh and Mohammad Abid
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Malaria 95
5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria 100
5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage 105
5.5 About Ivermectin 106
5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors 107
5.7 Conclusions 112
5.8 Acknowledgments 113
6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic 121
Mohd Kamil Hussain, Rashid Ali, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Faheem Khan and
Mohammad Saquib
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis 124
6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels 125
6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis 127
6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration 127
6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) 128
6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) 128
6.8 Epigenetic Modulator 129
6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy 129
6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 130
6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) 130
6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase 131
6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis 132
6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) 132
6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses 132
6.16 Conclusions 133
7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent 141
Mudasir Nabi Peerzada and Saurabh Verma
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin 147
7.3 Conclusions 155
8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide 163
Manisha Arora Pandit and Tarkeshwar
8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic 165
8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin 176
9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology 199
Vikrant Jayant and Rashid Ali
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM 203
9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin 206
9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection
of Skin 212
9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the
Skin 219
9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS)
220
9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of
Skin-Related Issues 221
9.8 Conclusions 224
10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin 231
Shabnam Kawoosa, Rabiah Bashir, Sheeba Nazir, Zubaid-ul-Khazir Rather,
Gulam Nabi Yatoo and Nisar Ahmad Khan
10.1 Introduction 231
10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin 233
10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses 236
10.4 Conclusion 242
11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin 247
Ayesha Akhtar, Nasreen A. Mazumdar and Afreen Inam
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Ivermectin's Antiparasitic Activity 249
11.3 Pharmacology 250
11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals 251
11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites 255
11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin 258
11.7 Conclusion 259
References 259
Index 265
1 Introduction to Ivermectin 1
Aeyaz Ahmad Bhat, Atif Khurshid Wani, Tahir ul Gani Mir and Nahid Akther
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Sources and Synthesis 3
1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin 4
1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle 8
1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 8
1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin 10
1.7 Conclusion 13
2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and
its Homologues 23
Shakeel Alvi, Mohd Kamil Hussain and Rashid Ali
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues 29
2.3 Biosynthesis 29
2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway 33
2.5 Crystal Structure 42
2.6 Conclusion and Outlook 42
3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 47
Hari Madhav, Mohammad Rehan, Nasimul Hoda and Ehtesham Jameel
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 50
3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs 52
3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 52
3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 53
3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action 54
3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin 55
3.8 Conclusions 59
3.9 Acknowledgments 60
4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent 69
Areeba Rahman, Abdulaziz S. Alouffi, Mohammad Husain and Abdur Rub
4.1 Introduction 70
4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections 76
4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites 83
4.4 Conclusions 83
4.5 Acknowledgements 84
5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria
93
Iram Irfan, Diksha Shahi, Mukesh C. Joshi, Shailja Singh and Mohammad Abid
5.1 Introduction 94
5.2 Malaria 95
5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria 100
5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage 105
5.5 About Ivermectin 106
5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors 107
5.7 Conclusions 112
5.8 Acknowledgments 113
6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic 121
Mohd Kamil Hussain, Rashid Ali, Shakir Ahamad, Mohammad Faheem Khan and
Mohammad Saquib
6.1 Introduction 122
6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis 124
6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels 125
6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis 127
6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration 127
6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) 128
6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) 128
6.8 Epigenetic Modulator 129
6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy 129
6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 130
6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) 130
6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase 131
6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis 132
6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) 132
6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses 132
6.16 Conclusions 133
7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent 141
Mudasir Nabi Peerzada and Saurabh Verma
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin 147
7.3 Conclusions 155
8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide 163
Manisha Arora Pandit and Tarkeshwar
8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic 165
8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin 176
9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology 199
Vikrant Jayant and Rashid Ali
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM 203
9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin 206
9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection
of Skin 212
9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the
Skin 219
9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS)
220
9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of
Skin-Related Issues 221
9.8 Conclusions 224
10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin 231
Shabnam Kawoosa, Rabiah Bashir, Sheeba Nazir, Zubaid-ul-Khazir Rather,
Gulam Nabi Yatoo and Nisar Ahmad Khan
10.1 Introduction 231
10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin 233
10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses 236
10.4 Conclusion 242
11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin 247
Ayesha Akhtar, Nasreen A. Mazumdar and Afreen Inam
11.1 Introduction 247
11.2 Ivermectin's Antiparasitic Activity 249
11.3 Pharmacology 250
11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals 251
11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites 255
11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin 258
11.7 Conclusion 259
References 259
Index 265