Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit D. Sarker

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students (eBook, ePUB)

General, Organic and Natural Product Chemistry

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Introduces the key areas of chemistry required for all pharmacy degree courses and focuses on the properties and actions of drug molecules This new edition provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the various areas of general, organic, and natural products chemistry (in relation to drug molecules). Structured to enhance student understanding, it places great emphasis on the applications of key theoretical aspects of chemistry required by all pharmacy and pharmaceutical science students. This second edition particularly caters for the chemistry requirements in any 'Integrated Pharmacy Curricula', where science in general is meant to be taught 'not in isolation', but together with, and as a part of, other practice and clinical elements of the course. Chemistry for Pharmacy Students: General, Organic and Natural Product Chemistry, 2nd Edition is divided into eight chapters. It opens with an overview of the general aspects of chemistry and their importance to modern life, with emphasis on medicinal applications. The text then moves on to discuss the concepts of atomic structure and bonding and the fundamentals of stereochemistry and their significance to pharmacy in relation to drug action and toxicity. Various aspects of organic functional groups, organic reactions, heterocyclic chemistry, nucleic acids and their pharmaceutical importance are then covered in subsequent chapters, with the final chapter dealing with drug discovery and development, and natural product chemistry. * Provides a student-friendly introduction to the main areas of chemistry required by pharmacy degree courses * Written at a level suitable for non-chemistry students in pharmacy, but also relevant to those in life sciences, food science, and the health sciences * Includes learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter * Focuses on the physical properties and actions of drug molecules Chemistry for Pharmacy Students: General, Organic and Natural Product Chemistry, 2nd Edition is an essential book for pharmacy undergraduate students, and a helpful resource for those studying other subject areas within pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical sciences, cosmetic science, food sciences, and health and life sciences.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 536
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Juli 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119394488
• Artikelnr.: 58045150

Autorenporträt

Lutfun Nahar, BSc (Hons), PhD, MRSC, FHEA, is an Honorary Lecturer, and actively involved in research at the Faculty of Science at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. She has published well over 350 peer-reviewed scientific papers, invited reviews, abstracts, books, and book chapters in the areas of Synthetic Organic Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry. She is the Managing Editor of the Wiley journal, Phytochemical Analysis. Her scientific profile has been published in every edition of the Marquis "Who's Who in the World" since 2009, and "Who's Who in Science and Engineering" since 2010. Satyajit Sarker BPharm (Hons), MPharm, PhD, FHEA, is a Professor of Pharmacy, and the Director of School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He is the President of the Phytochemical Society of Europe, and the Editor-in-Chief of the Wiley journal, Phytochemical Analysis. He has over 520 publications to his credit. His scientific profile has been published in every edition of the Marquis "Who's Who in the World" since 2010.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface to the second edition xv

Preface to the first edition xvii

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Role of Chemistry in Modern Life 1

1.2 Solutions and Concentrations 4

1.3 Suspension, Colloid and Emulsion 6

1.4 Electrolytes, Nonelectrolytes and Zwitterions 7

1.5 Osmosis and Tonicity 8

1.6 Physical Properties of Drug Molecules 10

1.6.1 Physical State 10

1.6.2 Melting Point and Boiling Point 10

1.6.3 Polarity and Solubility 11

1.7 Acid-Base Properties and pH 13

1.7.1 Acid-Base Definitions 14

1.7.2 Electronegativity and Acidity 18

1.7.3 Acid-Base Properties of Organic Functional Groups 19

1.7.4 pH, pOH and pKa Values 22

1.7.5 Acid-Base Titration: Neutralization 30

1.8 Buffer and its Use 32

1.8.1 Common Ion Effects and Buffer Capacity 34

Chapter 2: Atomic Structure and Bonding 37

2.1 Atoms, Elements and Compounds 37

2.2 Atomic Structure: Orbitals and Electronic Configurations 39

2.3 Chemical Bonding Theories: Formation of Chemical Bonds 43

2.3.1 Lewis Structures 43

2.3.2 Resonance and Resonance Structures 47

2.3.3 Electronegativity and Chemical Bonding 48

2.3.4 Various Types of Chemical Bonding 49

2.4 Bond Polarity and Intermolecular Forces 54

2.4.1 Dipole-Dipole Interactions 54

2.4.2 van der Waals Forces 55

2.4.3 Hydrogen Bonding 56

2.5 Hydrophilicity and Lipophilicity 57

2.6 Significance of Chemical Bonding in Drug-Receptor Interactions 60

2.7 Significance of Chemical Bonding in Protein-Protein Interactions 63

2.8 Significance of Chemical Bonding in Protein-DNA Interactions 63

Chapter 3: Stereochemistry 65

3.1 Stereochemistry: Definition 66

3.2 Isomerism 66

3.2.1 Constitutional Isomers 66

3.2.2 Stereoisomers 67

3.3 Stereoisomerism of Molecules with More than One Stereocentre 82

3.3.1 Diastereomers and Meso Structures 82

3.3.2 Cyclic Compounds 84

3.3.3 Geometrical Isomers of Alkenes and Cyclic Compounds 85

3.4 Significance of Stereoisomerism in Determining Drug Action and Toxicity 88

3.5 Synthesis of Chiral Molecules 91

3.5.1 Racemic Forms 91

3.5.2 Enantioselective Synthesis 92

3.6 Separation of Stereoisomers: Resolution of Racemic Mixtures 93

3.7 Compounds with Stereocentres Other than Carbon 94

3.8 Chiral Compounds that Do Not Have Four Different Groups 94

Chapter 4: Organic Functional Groups 97

4.1 Organic Functional Groups: Definition and Structural Features 97

4.2 Hydrocarbons 100

4.3 Alkanes, Cycloalkanes and Their Derivatives 100

4.3.1 Alkanes 100

4.3.2 Cycloalkanes 108

4.3.3 Alkyl Halides 111

4.3.4 Alcohols 119

4.3.5 Ethers 125

4.3.6 Thiols 129

4.3.7 Thioethers 131

4.3.8 Amines 134

4.4 Carbonyl Compounds 140

4.4.1 Aldehydes and Ketones 140

4.4.2 Carboxylic acids 148

4.4.3 Acid Chlorides 154

4.4.4 Acid Anhydrides 155

4.4.5 Esters 157

4.4.6 Amides 160

4.4.7 Nitriles 163

4.5 Alkenes and their Derivatives 164

4.5.1 Nomenclature of Alkenes 165

4.5.2 Physical Properties of Alkenes 166

4.5.3 Structure of Alkenes 167

4.5.4 Industrial uses of Alkenes 167

4.5.5 Preparations of Alkenes 168

4.5.6 Reactivity and Stability of Alkenes 168
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