In the modern era, secularization and the rise of the nation-state further weakened the political influence of the Church. Monarchs asserted control over religious matters within their realms, while the Reformation and Enlightenment ideas reinforced the separation of Church and State. The evolution of Church-State relations continues to influence contemporary debates on secularism, religious freedom, and governance.
By exploring key historical events, intellectual movements, and political transformations, this study highlights the enduring impact of Church-State relations on Western civilization and modern political systems.
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