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In 1213, Pope Innocent III issued his letter Vineam Domini, thundering against the enemies of Christendom-the "beasts of many kinds that are attempting to destroy the vineyard of the Lord of Sabaoth"-and announcing a General Council of the Latin Church as redress. The Fourth Lateran Council, which convened in 1215, was unprecedented in its scope and impact, and it called for the Fifth Crusade as what its participants hoped would be the final defense of Christendom. For the first time, a collection of extensively annotated and translated documents illustrates the transformation of the crusade…mehr
In 1213, Pope Innocent III issued his letter Vineam Domini, thundering against the enemies of Christendom-the "beasts of many kinds that are attempting to destroy the vineyard of the Lord of Sabaoth"-and announcing a General Council of the Latin Church as redress. The Fourth Lateran Council, which convened in 1215, was unprecedented in its scope and impact, and it called for the Fifth Crusade as what its participants hoped would be the final defense of Christendom. For the first time, a collection of extensively annotated and translated documents illustrates the transformation of the crusade movement. Crusade and Christendom explores the way in which the crusade was used to define and extend the intellectual, religious, and political boundaries of Latin Christendom. It also illustrates how the very concept of the crusade was shaped by the urge to define and reform communities of practice and belief within Latin Christendom and by Latin Christendom's relationship with other communities, including dissenting political powers and heretical groups, the Moors in Spain, the Mongols, and eastern Christians. The relationship of the crusade to reform and missionary movements is also explored, as is its impact on individual lives and devotion. The selection of documents and bibliography incorporates and brings to life recent developments in crusade scholarship concerning military logistics and travel in the medieval period, popular and elite participation, the role of women, liturgy and preaching, and the impact of the crusade on western society and its relationship with other cultures and religions. Intended for the undergraduate yet also invaluable for teachers and scholars, this book illustrates how the crusades became crucial for defining and promoting the very concept and boundaries of Latin Christendom. It provides translations of and commentaries on key original sources and up-to-date bibliographic materials.
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Autorenporträt
Edited by Jessalynn Bird, Edward Peters, and James M. Powell
Inhaltsangabe
Editors' Note Maps 1. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Thirteenth Century 2. Areas of the Albigensian Crusade in Southern France 3. The Fourth Crusade's Route to Constantinople 4. The Damietta Region of Egypt 5. Progress of the Reconquista in Iberia 6. The Mediterranean Region Note on Abbreviations and Translation Introduction: Crusade and Christendom 1187-1291 1. Gregory VIII Audita tremendi 1187 PART I. THE POPE CRUSADES AND COMMUNITIES 1198-1213 2. Innocent III Post miserabile 1198 3. Innocent III Multe nobis attulit 1199 4. The Lambrecht Rite for Taking the Cross ca. 1200 5. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Hubert Walter 1200-1201 6. Facets of the Fourth Crusade 1202-1204 7. The Albigensian Crusade 1209-1229 8. Roman Intercessory Processions 1212 9. The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 1212 10. The Children's Crusade 1212-1213 PART II. CRUSADE AND COUNCIL 1213-1215 11. Innocent III Quia maior 1213 12. Innocent III Pium et sanctum 1213 13. An Anonymous Crusade-Recruiting Sermon ca. 1213-1217 14. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Conrad of Speyer Quod iuxta verbum 1213 15. Roger Wendover on the Fourth Lateran Council 1215 16. The Fourth Lateran Council Canon 71 Ad liberandam 1215 PART III. THE FIFTH CRUSADE 1213-1221 17. Roger Wendover on Signs and Portents 1217 18. Letters of Gervase of Prémontré 1216-1217 19. James of Vitry's Sermon to Pilgrims 1229-1240 20. The Rhineland Crusaders 1220 21. Oliver of Paderborn The Capture of Damietta ca. 1217-1222 22. Roger Wendover Three Letters from the East 1221-1222 23. Two Recruiters in Marseilles 1224 24. Ibn Wasil on the Frankish Surrender ca. 1282 PART IV. THE EMPEROR'S CRUSADE 1227-1229 25. Roger Wendover on the Crusade of Frederick II ca. 1230 26. Philip of Novara on the Crusade of Frederick II ca. 1230 27. Frederick II Letter to Henry III of England 1229 28. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and Ibn al-Jauzi (ca. 1250) on the Loss of Jerusalem 29. The Letter of Gerold on Antichrist ca. 1230 PART V. THE BARONS' CRUSADE 1234-1245 30. Gregory IX Rachel suum videns 1234 31. Gregory IX to the Mendicant Orders Pium et sanctum 1234 32. Matthew Paris on Mendicant Preaching 1234-1236 33. Lyrics of Thibaut IV of Champagne ca. 1234-1239 34. Gregory IX to Frederick II Considerantes olim 1238 35. Matthew Paris: Richard of Cornwall on Crusade 1245 36. Matthew Paris on Crusade Financing 1241 37. Matthew Paris: The Sack of Jerusalem 1244 38. The First Council of Lyons 1245 PART VI. THE MONGOL CRUSADES 1241-1262 39. Henry of Saxony to the Duke of Brabant 1241 40. Frederick II to the Christian Princes 1241 41. Gregory IX to King Bela of Hungary Vocem in excelso 1241 42. Gregory IX to the Abbot of Heiligenkreuz Vocem in excelso 1241 43. Continuatio Sancrucensis 1234-1266 44. A Thirteenth-Century English Liturgical Response to the Mongol Threat 45. Matthew Paris on Archbishop Peter and the Mongol Threat 1244 46. The First Council of Lyons 1245 47. The Master of the Temple to the Preceptor of Templar Houses in England 1261 48. Alexander IV on the Tartar Threat Clamat in auribus 1261 49. Letter from Hülagü Il-Khan of Persia to Louis IX 1262 PART VII. THE SAINT'S CRUSADES 1248-1270 50. Jean de Joinville's Preparations for Departure on Crusade 1248 51. John Sarrasin's Letter on the Capture of Damietta 1249 52. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and al-Makrisi (ca. 1440) on Louis's Defeat 53. Louis's Letter to the People of France 1250 54. The Pastoureaux 1251 55. The Register of Eudes Rigaud 1260-1269 56. Rutebeuf "Lament of the Holy Land " ca. 1266 PART VIII. THE ITALIAN CRUSADES 1241-1268 57. Gregory IX to John of Civitella Cum tibi duxerimus 1241 58. Matthew Paris on Staufer Italy 1245-1269 59. Urban IV to Louis IX on Manfred Ecce fili carissime 1264 60. Salimbene of Parma on Staufer Italy ca. 1285 61. The Chronicle of Pedro III of Aragon (r. 1283-1288 PART IX. LIVING AND DYING ON CRUSADE 62. Ticket-Scalping on a Crusade Ship 1248 63. Contract of Crusade Service 1270 64. Lawsuit for Breach of Contract 1250 65. Traveling in Style and at Risk 1216-1217 66. The Last Will and Testament of Barzella Merxadrus 1219 67. The Codicil of Count Henry of Rodez 1222 68. The Archbishop of York on Ignoble Pilgrims 1275 PART X. THE ROAD TO ACRE 1265-1291 69. Gilbert of Tournai on Reform and Crusade ca. 1272-1274 70. Humbert of Romans Opusculum tripartitum ca. 1272-1274 71. Gregory X and the Second Council of Lyons 1274 72. The Templar of Tyre on the Fall of Acre 1291 73. Abu l-Fida' and Abu l-Mahasin on the Fall of Acre 1291 Index Acknowledgments
Editors' Note Maps 1. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Thirteenth Century 2. Areas of the Albigensian Crusade in Southern France 3. The Fourth Crusade's Route to Constantinople 4. The Damietta Region of Egypt 5. Progress of the Reconquista in Iberia 6. The Mediterranean Region Note on Abbreviations and Translation Introduction: Crusade and Christendom 1187-1291 1. Gregory VIII Audita tremendi 1187 PART I. THE POPE CRUSADES AND COMMUNITIES 1198-1213 2. Innocent III Post miserabile 1198 3. Innocent III Multe nobis attulit 1199 4. The Lambrecht Rite for Taking the Cross ca. 1200 5. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Hubert Walter 1200-1201 6. Facets of the Fourth Crusade 1202-1204 7. The Albigensian Crusade 1209-1229 8. Roman Intercessory Processions 1212 9. The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 1212 10. The Children's Crusade 1212-1213 PART II. CRUSADE AND COUNCIL 1213-1215 11. Innocent III Quia maior 1213 12. Innocent III Pium et sanctum 1213 13. An Anonymous Crusade-Recruiting Sermon ca. 1213-1217 14. Innocent III's Response to the Questions of Conrad of Speyer Quod iuxta verbum 1213 15. Roger Wendover on the Fourth Lateran Council 1215 16. The Fourth Lateran Council Canon 71 Ad liberandam 1215 PART III. THE FIFTH CRUSADE 1213-1221 17. Roger Wendover on Signs and Portents 1217 18. Letters of Gervase of Prémontré 1216-1217 19. James of Vitry's Sermon to Pilgrims 1229-1240 20. The Rhineland Crusaders 1220 21. Oliver of Paderborn The Capture of Damietta ca. 1217-1222 22. Roger Wendover Three Letters from the East 1221-1222 23. Two Recruiters in Marseilles 1224 24. Ibn Wasil on the Frankish Surrender ca. 1282 PART IV. THE EMPEROR'S CRUSADE 1227-1229 25. Roger Wendover on the Crusade of Frederick II ca. 1230 26. Philip of Novara on the Crusade of Frederick II ca. 1230 27. Frederick II Letter to Henry III of England 1229 28. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and Ibn al-Jauzi (ca. 1250) on the Loss of Jerusalem 29. The Letter of Gerold on Antichrist ca. 1230 PART V. THE BARONS' CRUSADE 1234-1245 30. Gregory IX Rachel suum videns 1234 31. Gregory IX to the Mendicant Orders Pium et sanctum 1234 32. Matthew Paris on Mendicant Preaching 1234-1236 33. Lyrics of Thibaut IV of Champagne ca. 1234-1239 34. Gregory IX to Frederick II Considerantes olim 1238 35. Matthew Paris: Richard of Cornwall on Crusade 1245 36. Matthew Paris on Crusade Financing 1241 37. Matthew Paris: The Sack of Jerusalem 1244 38. The First Council of Lyons 1245 PART VI. THE MONGOL CRUSADES 1241-1262 39. Henry of Saxony to the Duke of Brabant 1241 40. Frederick II to the Christian Princes 1241 41. Gregory IX to King Bela of Hungary Vocem in excelso 1241 42. Gregory IX to the Abbot of Heiligenkreuz Vocem in excelso 1241 43. Continuatio Sancrucensis 1234-1266 44. A Thirteenth-Century English Liturgical Response to the Mongol Threat 45. Matthew Paris on Archbishop Peter and the Mongol Threat 1244 46. The First Council of Lyons 1245 47. The Master of the Temple to the Preceptor of Templar Houses in England 1261 48. Alexander IV on the Tartar Threat Clamat in auribus 1261 49. Letter from Hülagü Il-Khan of Persia to Louis IX 1262 PART VII. THE SAINT'S CRUSADES 1248-1270 50. Jean de Joinville's Preparations for Departure on Crusade 1248 51. John Sarrasin's Letter on the Capture of Damietta 1249 52. Ibn Wasil (ca. 1282) and al-Makrisi (ca. 1440) on Louis's Defeat 53. Louis's Letter to the People of France 1250 54. The Pastoureaux 1251 55. The Register of Eudes Rigaud 1260-1269 56. Rutebeuf "Lament of the Holy Land " ca. 1266 PART VIII. THE ITALIAN CRUSADES 1241-1268 57. Gregory IX to John of Civitella Cum tibi duxerimus 1241 58. Matthew Paris on Staufer Italy 1245-1269 59. Urban IV to Louis IX on Manfred Ecce fili carissime 1264 60. Salimbene of Parma on Staufer Italy ca. 1285 61. The Chronicle of Pedro III of Aragon (r. 1283-1288 PART IX. LIVING AND DYING ON CRUSADE 62. Ticket-Scalping on a Crusade Ship 1248 63. Contract of Crusade Service 1270 64. Lawsuit for Breach of Contract 1250 65. Traveling in Style and at Risk 1216-1217 66. The Last Will and Testament of Barzella Merxadrus 1219 67. The Codicil of Count Henry of Rodez 1222 68. The Archbishop of York on Ignoble Pilgrims 1275 PART X. THE ROAD TO ACRE 1265-1291 69. Gilbert of Tournai on Reform and Crusade ca. 1272-1274 70. Humbert of Romans Opusculum tripartitum ca. 1272-1274 71. Gregory X and the Second Council of Lyons 1274 72. The Templar of Tyre on the Fall of Acre 1291 73. Abu l-Fida' and Abu l-Mahasin on the Fall of Acre 1291 Index Acknowledgments
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