Pedro H. J. Nardelli

Cyber-physical Systems (eBook, ePUB)

Theory, Methodology, and Applications

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Provides a unique general theory of cyber-physical systems, focusing on how physical, data, and decision processes are articulated as a complex whole Cyber-physical systems (CPS) operate in complex environments systems with integrated physical and computational capabilities. With the ability to interact with humans through variety of modalities, cyber-physical systems are applied across areas such as Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices, smart grids, autonomous automotive systems, medical monitoring, and distributed robotics. Existing engineering methods are capable of solving technical problems, yet the deployment of CPS in a net-enabled society requires a general theory of cyber-physical systems that goes beyond specific study cases and their associated technological development. Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a unique theoretical-methodological guide to assessing systems where complex information processing defines the behavior of physical processes. Using a systematic approach, the book describes the fundamentals of cybernetics, complexity sciences, system engineering, concepts of data and information, the data dissemination process, graph theory, and more. Readers are provided with the general theory, methodological framework, and analytical tools to assess and design CPS for applications in transport, energy, communication, health care, the military, and industry. * Provides a framework for measuring the performance of different cyber-physical systems and assessing the potential impact of various cyber-threats * Proposes a theory of CPS comprised of autonomous but interdependent physical, data, and regulatory layers * Discusses decision-making approaches rooted in probability theory, information theory, complexity sciences, and game theory * Helps readers perform a systemic impact evaluation of trending topics such as Artificial Intelligence, 5G, Energy Internet, blockchain, and data ownership * Features extensive analysis of various cyber-physical systems across different domains Cyber-physical Systems: Theory, Methodology, and Applications is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in electrical and computer engineering and other technical fields.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 288
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Mai 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119785187
• Artikelnr.: 64064431

Autorenporträt

Pedro H. J. Nardelli, PhD, Associate Professor of IoT in Energy Systems, Laboratory of Control Engineering and Digital Systems, School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Finland. He is an Academy of Finland Research Fellow in Energy Internet. He is also Adjunct Professor at the Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Cyber-Physical Systems in 2020 1

1.2 Need for a General Theory 3

1.3 Historical Highlights: Control Theory, Information Theory, and Cybernetics 6

1.4 Philosophical Background 9

1.5 Book Structure 14

1.6 Summary 15

Exercises 15

References 16

Part I 19

2 System 21

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 Systems Engineering 22

2.3 Demarcation of Specific Systems 24

2.4 Classification of Systems 28

2.4.1 Natural and Human-Made Systems 29

2.4.2 Material and Conceptual Systems 29

2.4.3 Static and Dynamic Systems 30

2.4.4 Closed and Open Systems 31

2.5 Maxwell's Demon as a System 31

2.5.1 System Demarcation 33

2.5.2 Classification 33

2.5.3 Discussions 34

2.6 Summary 35

Exercises 36

References 37

3 Uncertainty 39

3.1 Introduction 39

3.2 Games and Uncertainty 40

3.3 Uncertainty and Probability Theory 45

3.4 Random Variables: Dependence and Stochastic Processes 56

3.5 Summary 63

Exercises 63

References 64

4 Information 67

4.1 Introduction 67

4.2 Data and Information 68

4.3 Information and Its Different Forms 75

4.3.1 Mathematical Information and Communication 76

4.3.2 Semantic Information 77

4.3.3 Biological Information 78

4.3.4 Physical Information 79

4.4 Physical and Symbolic Realities 79

4.5 Summary 82

Exercises 82

References 84

5 Network 87

5.1 Introduction 87

5.2 Network Types 92

5.2.1 Peer-to-Peer Networks 93

5.2.2 One-to-Many, Many-to-One, and Star Networks 93

5.2.3 Complete and Erdös-Rényi Networks 94

5.2.4 Line, Ring, and Regular Networks 94

5.2.5 Watts-Strogatz, Barabási-Albert and Other Networks 95

5.3 Processes on Networks and Applications 96

5.3.1 Communication Systems 97

5.3.2 Transportation in Cities 98

5.3.3 Virus Propagation and Epidemiology 99

5.4 Limitations 101

5.4.1 From (Big) Data to Mathematical Abstractions 101

5.4.2 From Mathematical Abstractions to Models of Physical Processes 103

5.4.3 Universality and Cross-Domain Issues 103

5.5 Summary 105

Exercises 105

References 106

6 Decisions and Actions 109

6.1 Introduction 109

6.2 Forms of Decision-Making 110

6.3 Optimization 113

6.4 Game Theory 117

6.5 Rule-Based Decisions 123

6.6 Limitations 124

6.7 Summary 126

Exercises 126

References 129

Part II 131

7 The Three Layers of Cyber-Physical Systems 133

7.1 Introduction 133

7.2 Physical Layer, Measuring, and Sensing Processes 137

7.3 Data Layer and Informing Processes 139

7.4 Decision Layer and Acting Processes 144

7.5 Self-developing Reflexive-Active System and Cyber-Physical Systems 145

7.6 Layer-Based Protocols and Cyber-Physical Systems Design 147

7.7 Summary 152

Exercises 152

References 153

8 Dynamics of Cyber-Physical Systems 155

8.1 Introduction 155

8.2 Dynamics of Cyber-Physical Systems 159

8.2.1 Elementary Cellular Automaton 159

8.2.2 Example of a Cyber-Physical System 163

8.2.3 Observable Attributes and Performance Metrics