Sudhakar Cherukupalli, George J. Anders

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing and Dynamic Rating of Power Cables (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

A guide to the physics of Dynamic Temperature Sensing (DTS) measurements including practical information about procedures and applications Distributed Fiber Sensing and Dynamic Ratings of Power Cable offers a comprehensive review of the physics of dynamic temperature sensing measurements (DTS), examines its functioning, and explores possible applications. The expert authors describe the available fiber optic cables, their construction, and methods of installation. The book also includes a discussion on the variety of testing methods with information on the advantages and disadvantages of each. The book reviews the application of the DTS systems in a utility environment, and highlights the possible placement of the fiber optic cable. The authors offer a detailed explanation of the cable ampacity (current rating) calculations and examines how the measured fiber temperature is used to obtain the dynamic cable rating information in real time. In addition, the book details the leading RTTR suppliers, including the verification methods they used before their products come to market. Information on future applications of the DTS technology in other aspects of power system operation is also discussed. This important book: * Explains the required calibration procedures and utility performance tests needed after the installation of a DTS system * Includes information on the various practical aspects of communicating measured and computed quantities to the transmission system operator * Reviews possible applications of the technology to fault location, vibration monitoring, and general surveying of land and submarine cable routes Written for cable engineers and manufacturers, Distributed Fiber Sensing and Dynamic Ratings of Power Cable is an authoritative guide to the physics of DTS measurements and contains information about costs, installation procedures, maintenance, and various applications.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 240
• Erscheinungstermin: 8. Oktober 2019
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119487722
• Artikelnr.: 58045408

Autorenporträt

SUDHAKAR CHERUKUPALLI, PhD, is a Principal Engineer and Manager in BC Hydro's Transmission Engineering department. He has extensive experience in design, installation, and testing of transmission and distribution cables, and accessories. He has authored and coauthored more than 40 technical publications. He has contributed to several CIGRE Working Groups and the development of many IEEE Standards. In 2016 he received the IEEE-SA Standards Medallion for his contribution to the development of many IEEE Standards. He has been actively interested in Distributed Fiber Sensing since the early 1990s. GEORGE J. ANDERS, PhD, is president of Anders Consulting Inc. in Toronto. He is also a professor in the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the Technical University of Lodz in Poland. He is the recepient of the 2016 IEEE Herman Halperin Award in Transmission and Distribution and the 2018 IEEE Roy Billinton Award in Power System Reliability.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvi

1 Application of Fiber Optic Sensing 1

1.1 Types of Available FO Sensors 2

1.2 Fiber Optic Applications for Monitoring of Concrete Structures 4

1.3 Application of FO Sensing Systems in Mines 7

1.4 Composite Aircraft Wing Monitoring 8

1.5 Application in the Field of Medicine 9

1.6 Application in the Power Industry 9

1.6.1 Brief Literature Review 10

1.6.2 Monitoring of Strain in the Overhead Conductor of Transmission Lines 15

1.6.3 Temperature Monitoring of Transformers 16

1.6.4 Optical Current Measurements 17

1.7 Application for Oil, Gas, and Transportation Sectors 17

2 Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing 20

2.1 Introduction 20

2.2 Advantages of the Fiber Optic Technology 20

2.3 Disadvantages of the Distributed Sensing Technology 22

2.4 Power Cable Applications 23

3 Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing 26

3.1 Fundamental Physics of DTS Measurements 26

3.1.1 Rayleigh Scattering 26

3.1.2 Raman Spectroscopy 27

3.1.3 Brillouin Scattering 27

3.1.4 Time and Frequency Domain Reflectometry 30

4 Optical Fibers, Connectors, and Cables 32

4.1 Optical Fibers 32

4.1.1 Construction of the Fiber Optic Cable and Light Propagation Principles 33

4.1.2 Protection and Placement of Optical Fibers in Power Cable Installations 38

4.1.3 Comparison of Multiple and Single-Mode Fibers 44

4.2 Optical Splicing 45

4.3 Fiber Characterization 47

4.4 Standards for Fiber Testing 55

4.4.1 Fiber Optic Testing 56

4.4.2 Fiber Optic Systems and Subsystems 56

4.5 Optical Connectors 68

4.6 Utility Practice for Testing of Optical Fibers 74

4.7 Aging and Maintenance 75

5 Types of Power Cables and Cable with Integrated Fibers 77

5.1 Methods of Incorporating DTS Sensing Optical Fibers (Cables) into Power Transmission Cable Corridors 77

5.1.1 Integration of Optical Cable into Land Power Cables 77

5.1.2 Integration of Optical Cable into Submarine Power Cables 78

5.1.3 Other Types of Constructions 78

5.1.4 Example of Construction of the Stainless Steel Sheathed Fiber Optic Cable 81

5.1.5 Example of a Retrofit Placement of an Optical Cable into 525 kV Submarine SCFF Power Cable Conductor 82

5.1.5.1 Objectives of the Project 82

5.1.5.2 Installation 84

5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Placement of Optical Fibers in the Cable 87

5.2.1 An Example with Placement of FO Sensors at Different Locations Within the Cable Installation 89

5.3 What are Some of the Manufacturing Challenges? 92

6 DTS Systems 94

6.1 What Constitutes a DTS System? 94

6.2 Interpretation and Application of the Results Displayed by a DTS System 95

6.2.1 General 95

6.2.2 Comparison of Measured and Calculated Temperatures 97

6.3 DTS System Calibrators 100

6.4 Computers 100

6.5 DTS System General Requirements 101

6.5.1 General Requirements 101

6.5.2 Summary of Performance and Operating Requirements 102

6.5.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility Performance Requirements for the Control PC and the DTS Unit 103

6.5.4 Software Requirements for the DTS Control 104

6.5.5 DTS System Documentation 105

7 DTS System Calibrators 106

7.1 Why is Calibration Needed? 106

7.2 How Should One Undertake the Calibration? 107

7.3 Accuracy and Annual Main