Genetic analysis can be used generally to describe methods both used in and resulting from the sciences of genetics and molecular biology, or to applications resulting from this research. Genetic analysis may be done to identify genetic in herited disorders and also to make a differential diagnosis in certain somatic such as cancer. Genetic analyses of cancer include detection of mutations, fusion genes and DNA copy number changes. Genetic analyses include molecular technologies such as PCR, RT-PCR DNA sequencing, and DNA microarrays, and cytogenetic methods such as karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Every living organism contains DNA, RNA, and proteins. in general closely related organisms have a high degree of agreement in the molecular structure of these substances, while the molecules of organisms distanly related usually show a pattern of dissimilarity. Conserved sequences, such as mitochondrial DNA, are expected to accumulate mutations over time and assuming a constant rate of mutation provide a molecular clock for dating divergence. Molecular phylogeny uses such data to build a ''relationship tree ''that shows the probable evolution of various organisms. Not until recent decades, however. has it been possible to isolate and identify these molecular structures. The most common approach is the comparison of homologous sequences for genes using sequence alignment techniques to identify similarity. Another application of molecular phylogeny is in DNA barcoding, wherein the species of an individual organism is identified using small section of mitochondrial DNA. similarity. Another application of the techniques that make this possible can to seen in the very limited field of human genetics such as the ever more popular use of genetic testing to determine a child's paternity as well as the emergence of a new branch of forensics focused on evidence known as genetic fingerprinting. The volumes are designed for students and teachers of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. These consider various gentic techniques that are teachers of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. These consider various genetic techniques that are useful in studying of this subject
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