René P. Schwarzenbach, Philip M. Gschwend, Dieter M. Imboden

Environmental Organic Chemistry (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Examines in a pedagogical way all pertinent molecular and macroscopic processes that govern the distribution and fate of organic chemicals in the environment and provides simple modeling tools to quantitatively describe these processes and their interplay in a given environmental system * Treats fundamental aspects of chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling as applied to environmentally relevant problems, and gives a state of the art account of the field * Teaches the reader how to relate the structure of a given chemical to its physical chemical properties and intrinsic reactivities * Provides a holistic and teachable treatment of phase partitioning and transformation processes, as well as a more focused and tailor-made presentation of physical, mathematical, and modeling aspects that apply to environmental situations of concern * Includes a large number of questions and problems allowing teachers to explore the depth of understanding of their students or allowing individuals who use the book for self-study to check their progress * Provides a companion website, which includes solutions for all problems as well as a large compilation of physical constants and compound properties

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 1024
• Erscheinungstermin: 12. Oktober 2016
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118767047
• Artikelnr.: 56908697

Autorenporträt

René P. Schwarzenbach, PhD, is a Professor em. of Environmental Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. Philip M. Gschwend, PhD, is Full Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dieter M. Imboden, PhD, is a Professor em. of Environmental Physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii

About the Companion Website xvii

1 General Topic and Overview 1

1.1 Introduction / 2

1.2 Assessing Organic Chemicals in the Environment / 4

1.3 What is This Book All About? / 7

1.4 Bibliography / 14

PART I Background Knowledge 17

2 Background Knowledge on Organic Chemicals 19

2.1 The Makeup of Organic Compounds / 20

2.2 Intermolecular Forces Between Uncharged Molecules / 37

2.3 Questions and Problems / 40

2.4 Bibliography / 43

3 The Amazing World of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals 45

3.1 Introduction / 47

3.2 A Lasting Global Problem: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) / 47

3.3 Natural but Nevertheless Problematic: Petroleum Hydrocarbons / 48

3.4 Notorious Air and Groundwater Pollutants: Organic Solvents / 53

3.5 Safety First: Flame Retardants All Around Us / 56

3.6 How to Make Materials "Repellent": Polyfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) / 58

3.7 From Washing Machines to Surface Waters: Complexing Agents, Surfactants, Whitening Agents, and Corrosion Inhibitors / 60

3.8 Health, Well-Being, and Water Pollution: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products / 63

3.9 Fighting Pests: Herbicides, Insecticides, and Fungicides / 65

3.10 Our Companion Compounds: Representative Model Chemicals / 69

3.11 Questions / 72

3.12 Bibliography / 73

4 Background Thermodynamics, Equilibrium Partitioning and Acidity Constants 81

4.1 Important Thermodynamic Functions / 83

4.2 Using Thermodynamic Functions to Quantify Equilibrium Partitioning / 89

4.3 Organic Acids and Bases I: Acidity Constant and Speciation in Natural Waters / 98

4.4 Organic Acids and Bases II: Chemical Structure and Acidity Constant / 107

4.5 Questions and Problems / 116

4.6 Bibliography / 119

5 Earth Systems and Compartments 121

5.1 Introduction / 123

5.2 The Atmosphere / 125

5.3 Surface Waters and Sediments / 131

5.4 Soil and Groundwater / 148

5.5 Biota / 154

5.6 Questions / 155

5.7 Bibliography / 158

6 Environmental Systems: Physical Processes and Mathematical Modeling 165

6.1 Systems and Models / 167

6.2 Box Models: A Concept for a Simple World / 174

6.3 When Space Matters: Transport Processes / 191

6.4 Models in Space and Time / 196

6.5 Questions and Problems / 203

6.6 Bibliography / 211

PART II Equilibrium Partitioning in Well-Defined Systems 213

7 Partitioning Between Bulk Phases: General Aspects and Modeling Approaches 215

7.1 Introduction / 216

7.2 Molecular Interactions Governing Bulk Phase Partitioning of Organic Chemicals / 217

7.3 Quantitative Approaches to Estimate Bulk Phase Partition Constants/Coefficients: Linear Free Energy Relationships (LFERs) / 225

7.4 Questions / 232

7.5 Bibliography / 234

8 Vapor Pressure (pi *) 237

8.1 Introduction and Theoretical Background / 238

8.2 Molecular Interactions Governing Vapor Pressure and Vapor Pressure Estimation Methods / 246

8.3 Questions and Problems / 253

8.4 Bibliography / 257

9 Solubility (Csat iw) and Activity Coefficient (gamma sat iw ) in Water; Air-Water Partition Constant (Kiaw) 259

9.1 Introduction and Thermodynamic Considerations / 261

9.2 Molecular Interactions Governing the Aqueous Activity Coefficient and the Air-Water Partition Constant / 267

9.3 LFERs for Estimating Air-Water Partition Constants a