Vic Barnett

Environmental Statistics (eBook, PDF)

Methods and Applications

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

In modern society, we are ever more aware of the environmentalissues we face, whether these relate to global warming, depletionof rivers and oceans, despoliation of forests, pollution of land,poor air quality, environmental health issues, etc. At the mostfundamental level it is necessary to monitor what is happening inthe environment - collecting data to describe the changingscene. More importantly, it is crucial to formally describe theenvironment with sound and validated models, and to analyse andinterpret the data we obtain in order to take action. Environmental Statistics provides a broad overview of thestatistical methodology used in the study of the environment,written in an accessible style by a leading authority on thesubject. It serves as both a textbook for students of environmentalstatistics, as well as a comprehensive source of reference foranyone working in statistical investigation of environmentalissues. * Provides broad coverage of the methodology used in thestatistical investigation of environmental issues. * Covers a wide range of key topics, including sampling, methodsfor extreme data, outliers and robustness, relationship models andmethods, time series, spatial analysis, and environmentalstandards. * Includes many detailed practical and worked examples thatillustrate the applications of statistical methods in environmentalissues. * Authored by a leading authority on environmentalstatistics.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Seitenzahl: 316
• Erscheinungstermin: 13. Dezember 2005
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780470026977
• Artikelnr.: 38196196

Autorenporträt

Vic Barnett is the author of Environmental Statistics: Methods and Applications, published by Wiley.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface.
Chapter 1: Introduction.
1.1 Tomorrow is too Late!
1.2 Environmental Statistics.
1.3 Some Examples.
1.3.1 'Getting it all together'.
1.3.2 'In time and space'.
1.3.3 'Keep it simple'.
1.3.4 'How much can we take?'
1.3.5 'Over the top'.
1.4 Fundamentals.
1.5 Bibliography.
PART I: EXTREMAL STRESSES: EXTREMES, OUTLIERS, ROBUSTNESS.
Chapter 2: Ordering and Extremes: Applications, models, inference.
2.1 Ordering the Sample.
2.1.1 Order statistics.
2.2 Order-based Inference.
2.3 Extremes and Extremal Processes.
2.3.1 Practical study and empirical models; generalized extreme-value
distributions.
2.4 Peaks over Thresholds and the Generalized Pareto Distribution.
Chapter 3: Outliers and Robustness.
3.1 What is an Outlier?
3.2 Outlier Aims and Objectives.
3.3 Outlier-Generating Models.
3.3.1 Discordancy and models for outlier generation.
3.3.2 Tests of discordancy for specific distributions.
3.4 Multiple Outliers: Masking and Swamping.
3.5 Accommodation: Outlier-Robust Methods.
3.6 A Possible New Approach to Outliers.
3.7 Multivariate Outliers.
3.8 Detecting Multivariate Outliers.
3.8.1 Principles.
3.8.2 Informal methods.
3.9 Tests of Discordancy.
3.10 Accommodation.
3.11 Outliers in linear models.
3.12 Robustness in General.
PART II: COLLECTING ENVIRONMENTAL DATA: SAMPLING AND MONITORING.
Chapter 4: Finite-Population Sampling.
4.1 A Probabilistic Sampling Scheme.
4.2 Simple Random Sampling.
4.2.1 Estimating the mean, &Xmacr;.
4.2.2 Estimating the variance, S2.
4.2.3 Choice of sample size, n.
4.2.4 Estimating the population total, XT.
4.2.5 Estimating a proportion, P.
4.3 Ratios and Ratio Estimators.
4.3.1 The estimation of a ratio.
4.3.2 Ratio estimator of a population total or mean.
4.4 Stratified (simple) Random Sampling.
4.4.1 Comparing the simple random sample mean and the stratified sample
mean.
4.4.2 Choice of sample sizes.
4.4.3 Comparison of proportional allocation and optimum allocation.
4.4.4 Optimum allocation for estimating proportions.
4.5 Developments of Survey Sampling.
Chapter 5: Inaccessible and Sensitive Data.
5.1 Encountered Data.
5.2 Length-Biased or Size-Biased Sampling and Weighted Distributions.
5.2.1 Weighted distribution methods.
5.3 Composite Sampling.
5.3.1 Attribute Sampling.
5.3.2 Continuous variables.
5.3.3 Estimating mean and variance.
5.4 Ranked-Set Sampling.
5.4.1 The ranked-set sample mean.
5.4.2 Optimal estimation.
5.4.3 Ranked-set sampling for normal and exponential distributions.
5.4.4 Imperfect ordering.
Chapter 6: Sampling in the Wild.
6.1 Quadrat Sampling.
6.2 Recapture Sampling.
6.2.1 The Petersen and Chapman estimators.
6.2.2 Capture-recapture methods in open populations.
6.3 Transect Sampling.
6.3.1 The simplest case: strip transects.
6.3.2 Using a detectability function.
6.3.3 Estimating f (y).
6.3.4 Modifications of approach.
6.3.5 Point transects or variable circular plots.
6.4 Adaptive Sampling.
6.4.1 Simple models for adaptive sampling.
Part III: EXAMINING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: STIMULUS-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS.
Chapter 7: Relationship: regression-type models and methods.
7.1 Linear Models.
7.1.1 The linear model.
7.1.2 The extended linear model.
7.1.3 The normal linear model.
7.2 Transformations.
7.2.1 Looking at the data.
7.2.2 Simple transformations.
7.2.3 General transformations.
7.3 The Generalized Linear Model.
Chapter 8: Special Relationship Models, Including Quantal Response and
Repeated Measures.
8.1 Toxicology Concerns.
8.2 Quantal Response.
8.3 Bioassay.
8.4 Repeated Measures.
Part IV: STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS.
Chapter 9: Environmental Standards.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 The Statistically Verifiable Ideal Standard.
9.2.1 Other sampling methods.
9.3 Guard Point Standards.
9.4 Standards Along the Cause-Effect Chain.
Part V: A MANY-DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PROCESSES.
Chapter 10: Time-Series Methods.
10.1 Space and Time Effects.
10.2 Time Series.
10.3 Basic Issues.
10.4 Descriptive Methods.
10.4.1 Estimating or eliminating trend.
10.4.2 Periodicities.
10.4.3 Stationary time series.
10.5 Time-Domain Models and Methods.
10.6 Frequency-Domain Models and Methods.
10.6.1 Properties of the spectral representation.
10.6.2 Outliers in time series.
10.7 Point Processes.
10.7.1 The Poisson process.
10.7.2 Other point processes.
Chapter 11: Spatial Methods for Environmental Processes.
11.1 Spatial Point Process Models and Methods.
11.2 The General Spatial Process.
11.2.1 Predication, interpolation and kriging.
11.2.2 Estimation of the variogram.
11.2.3 Other forms of kriging.
11.3 More about Standards Over Space and Time.
11.4 Relationship.
11.5 More about Spatial Models.
11.5.1 Types of spatial model.
11.5.2 Harmonic analysis of spatial processes.
11.6 Spatial Sampling and Spatial Design.
11.6.1 Spatial sampling.
11.6.2 Spatial design.
11.7 Spatial-Temporal Models and Methods.
References.
Index.

Rezensionen

"Inspired by the Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, SecondEdition (ESS2e), this volume presents a concise, well-rounded focuson the statistical concepts and applications that are essential forunderstanding gathered data in the fields of engineering, qualitycontrol, and the physical sciences. The book successfully upholdsthe goals of ESS2e by combining both previously-published and newlydeveloped contributions written by over 100 leading academics,researchers, and practitioner in a comprehensive, approachableformat. The result is a succinct reference that unveils modern,cutting-edge approaches to acquiring and analyzing data acrossdiverse subject areas within these three disciplines, includingoperations research, chemistry, physics, the earth sciences,electrical engineering, and quality assurance." (Finwin, 7September 2011)

"In this book, Vic Barnett, a distinguished environmentalstatistician, provides an overview of statistical methods that havebeen used on such problems in the environmental sciences."(Journal of the American Statistical Association, September2006)

"...combines sound fundamentals and their applications."(European Journal of Soil Science, No.56, April 2005)

"Many tables, graphs and figures illustrate the environmentalapplications of the statistical methods that are described."(Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A,Vol.168, No.2, March 2005)

"...well written...methods are illustrated with interestingexamples...a comprehensive reference source for anyone working onenvironmental issues..." (Short Book Reviews, Vol.24, No.3,December 2004)

"Statisticians should enjoy the book. The author is an extremelyknowledgeable statistician, and he is writing about an applicationdomain that he clearly knows." (Technometrics, November2004)

"An excellent book. Highly recommended." (Choice, July2004)

"...this provides an excellent sketch of the current state ofdevelopment for new statistical methodologies...a valuableresource..." (Statistics in Medicine, 15th August 2005)