In 1989 the Bulgarian communist regime expelled 360,000 Turks and Muslims to Turkey. It was the single largest ethnic cleansing during the Cold War period in Europe after the winding up the post war 'population transfers' of mainly ethnic Germans in the early 1950s. This expulsion of Turks and Muslims from Bulgaria was the sole mass expulsion that ever breached the Iron Curtain. Not only did the 1989 ethnic cleansing trigger the end of communism in Bulgaria, but was also followed by an unprecedented return of almost half of the expellees. Despite the unprecedented character of this 1989 expulsion and its wide-ranging ramifications, this is the first detailed analysis of these events.
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"Kamusella shows the way for a future Bulgaria. The recognition of ethnic cleansing is important not only in terms of historical justice and responsibility but also for the future transformation of Bulgaria into a country attractive for immigrants"
- Vasil Paraskevov, Konstantin Preslavsky University, Bulgaria, European History Quarterly
"Kamusella's monograph invites readers to take a trip back in time and experience the repressions of a minority group's ethnic, religious, and cultural identity as well as the tragedy of displacement. It also demonstrates the level of public acceptance, or rather non-acceptance, of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria that continues up to this day and, ultimately, questions the nationalist attitudes in the country, which are still hostile to ethnic and religious minorities. In times of rising populism, nationalism, and Islamophobia throughout Europe, the questions addressed by Kamusella are currently of even greater significance than they would be otherwise."
-Slavka Karakusheva, Comparative Southeast European Studies
- Vasil Paraskevov, Konstantin Preslavsky University, Bulgaria, European History Quarterly
"Kamusella's monograph invites readers to take a trip back in time and experience the repressions of a minority group's ethnic, religious, and cultural identity as well as the tragedy of displacement. It also demonstrates the level of public acceptance, or rather non-acceptance, of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria that continues up to this day and, ultimately, questions the nationalist attitudes in the country, which are still hostile to ethnic and religious minorities. In times of rising populism, nationalism, and Islamophobia throughout Europe, the questions addressed by Kamusella are currently of even greater significance than they would be otherwise."
-Slavka Karakusheva, Comparative Southeast European Studies