John R. Dean

Extraction Techniques for Environmental Analysis (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Extraction Techniques for Environmental Analysis Explore the analytical approach to extraction techniques In Extraction Techniques for Environmental Analysis, accomplished environmental scientist and researcher John R. Dean delivers a comprehensive discussion of the extraction techniques used for organic compounds relevant to environmental analysis. In the book, extraction techniques for aqueous, air, and solid environmental matrices are explored and case studies that highlight those techniques are included. Readers will find in-depth treatments of specific extraction techniques suitable for adoption in their own laboratories, as well as reviews of relevant analytical techniques used for the analysis of organic compound extracts (with a focus on chromatographic separation and detection). Extraction Techniques for Environmental Analysis also includes a chapter that extensively covers the requirements for an analytical laboratory, including health and safety standards, as well as: * A thorough introduction to pre-sampling, as well as the extraction of aqueous samples, including the classical approach for aqueous extraction and solid phase extraction * Comprehensive explorations of the extraction of gaseous samples, including air sampling * Practical discussions of the extraction of solid samples, including pressurized fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction * In-depth examinations of post-extraction procedures, including pre-concentration using solvent evaporation Extraction Techniques for Environmental Analysis is a must-read resource for undergraduate students of applied chemistry, as well as postgraduates taking analytical chemistry courses or courses in related disciplines, like forensic or environmental science.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 384
• Erscheinungstermin: 21. Februar 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119719052
• Artikelnr.: 63584729

Autorenporträt

John R. Dean is Professor of Analytical and Environmental Sciences at Northumbria University in the United Kingdom. His research is focused on investigating organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment using a range of analytical techniques.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xv

About the Author xvii

Acknowledgements xix

Section A Initial Considerations 1

1 The Analytical Approach 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Environmental Organic Compounds of Concern 4

1.3 Essentials of Practical Work 12

1.4 Health and Safety 15

1.5 Considerations for Data Presentation 21

1.5.1 Useful Tips on Presenting Data in Tables 21

1.5.2 Useful Tips on Presenting Data in Graphical Form 21

1.6 Use and Determination of Significant Figures 21

1.7 Units 23

1.8 Calibration and Quantitative Analysis 24

1.9 Terminology in Quantitative Analysis 24

1.10 Preparing Solutions for Quantitative Work 25

1.11 Calibration Graphs 27

1.12 The Internal Standard 28

1.13 Limits of Detection/Quantitation 29

1.14 Dilution or Concentration Factors 31

1.15 Quality Assurance 32

1.16 Use of Certified Reference Materials 33

1.17 Applications 34

Further Reading 39

Section B Sampling 41

2 Sampling and Storage 43

2.1 Introduction 43

2.2 Sampling Strategy 44

2.3 Types of Aqueous Matrices 45

2.4 Types of Soil Matrices 46

2.5 Physicochemical Properties of Water and Solid Environmental Matrices 49

2.5.1 Aqueous (Water) Samples 49

2.5.2 Solid (Soil) Samples 50

2.6 Sampling Soil (and/or Sediment) 52

2.7 Sampling Water 57

2.8 Sampling Air 59

2.9 Sampling and Analytical Operations Interrelationships and Terminology 60

2.9.1 Sampling Operations 60

2.9.2 Analytical Operations 61

2.10 Storage of Samples 63

2.10.1 Choice of Storage Container for Liquid Samples 63

2.10.2 Cleaning of Storage Container for Liquid Samples 64

2.11 Preservation Techniques for Liquid Samples 65

2.12 Preservation Techniques for Solid Samples 66

2.13 Preservation Techniques for Gaseous Samples 66

2.14 Applications 66

Reference 72

Section C Extraction of Aqueous Samples 73

3 Classical Approaches for Aqueous Extraction 75

3.1 Introduction 75

3.2 Liquid-Liquid Extraction 75

3.2.1 Theory of LLE 76

3.2.2 Selection of Solvents 77

3.2.3 Solvent Extraction 78

3.2.4 Problems with the LLE process and Their Remedies 81

3.3 Liquid Microextraction Techniques 81

3.3.1 Single-Drop Microextraction (SDME) 81

3.3.2 Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) 82

3.4 Purge and Trap 84

3.5 Headspace Extraction 84

3.5.1 Procedure for Static Headspace Sampling 86

3.5.2 Procedure for Dynamic Headspace Sampling 87

3.6 Application 88

4 Solid-Phase Extraction 91

4.1 Introduction 91

4.2 Types of SPE Sorbent 93

4.2.1 Multimodal and Mixed-Phase Extractions 94

4.2.2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) 94

4.3 SPE Formats and Apparatus 97

4.4 Method of SPE Operation 100

4.5 Solvent Selection 103

4.6 Factors Affecting SPE 104

4.7 Selected Methods of Analysis for SPE 104

4.7.1 Application of Reversed-Phase SPE 104

4.7.2 Application of Normal-Phase SPE 106

4.7.3 Application of Ion Exchange SPE 107

4.7.4 Application of Mixed-Mode SPE 108

4.8 Automation and Online SPE 108

4.9 Applications 110

4.10 Summary 117

References 118

5 Solid-Phase MicroExtraction 119

5.1