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Forensic Microbiology focuses on newly emerging areas of microbiology relevant to medicolegal and criminal investigations: postmortem changes, establishing cause of death, estimating postmortem interval, and trace evidence analysis. Recent developments in sequencing technology allow researchers, and potentially practitioners, to examine microbial communities at unprecedented resolution and in multidisciplinary contexts. This detailed study of microbes facilitates the development of new forensic tools that use the structure and function of microbial communities as physical evidence. Chapters…mehr
Forensic Microbiology focuses on newly emerging areas of microbiology relevant to medicolegal and criminal investigations: postmortem changes, establishing cause of death, estimating postmortem interval, and trace evidence analysis. Recent developments in sequencing technology allow researchers, and potentially practitioners, to examine microbial communities at unprecedented resolution and in multidisciplinary contexts. This detailed study of microbes facilitates the development of new forensic tools that use the structure and function of microbial communities as physical evidence. Chapters cover: * Experiment design * Data analysis * Sample preservation * The influence of microbes on results from autopsy, toxicology, and histology * Decomposition ecology * Trace evidence This diverse, rapidly evolving field of study has the potential to provide high quality microbial evidence which can be replicated across laboratories, providing spatial and temporal evidence which could be crucial in a broad range of investigative contexts. This book is intended as a resource for students, microbiologists, investigators, pathologists, and other forensic science professionals.
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Edited by David O. Carter Forensic Sciences Unit, Chaminade University of Honolulu, USA Jeffery K. Tomberlin Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, USA M. Eric Benbow Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, USA Jessica L. Metcalf Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, USA
Inhaltsangabe
About the editors, xvi
List of contributors, xix
Foreword, xxii
Series preface, xxiv
Preface, xxv
1 A primer on microbiology, 1 David O. Carter, Emily N. Junkins and Whitney A. Kodama
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Microbial characteristics, 2
1.3 Microorganisms and their habitats, 7
1.4 Competition for resources, 10
1.5 The ecology of some forensically relevant bacteria, 11
1.6 Archaea and microbial eukaryotes, 20
1.7 Conclusions, 21
2 History, current, and future use of microorganisms as physical evidence, 25 Zachary M. Burcham and Heather R. Jordan
2.1 Introduction, 25
2.2 Methods for identification, 26
2.3 Estimating PMI, 30
2.4 Cause of death, 36
2.5 Trace evidence, 40
2.6 Other medicolegal aspects, 43
2.7 Needs that must be met for use in chain of custody, 48
2.8 Summary, 49
3 Approaches and considerations for forensic microbiology decomposition research, 56 M. Eric Benbow and Jennifer L. Pechal
3.1 Introduction, 56
3.2 Challenges of human remains research, 57
3.3 Human remains research during death investigations, 58
3.4 Human surrogates in research, 60
3.5 Considerations for field studies, 61
3.6 Descriptive and hypothesis?]driven research, 62
3.7 Experiment design, 65
3.8 Validation studies, 69
4 Sampling methods and data generation, 72 Jennifer L. Pechal, M. Eric Benbow and Tawni L. Crippen
4.1 Introduction, 72
4.2 Materials, 73
4.3 Sample collection techniques, 79
4.4 Sample preservation, storage, and handling techniques, 80
4.5 Data considerations, 86
4.6 Conclusions, 90
5 An introduction to metagenomic data generation, analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 94 Baneshwar Singh, Tawni L. Crippen and Jeffery K. Tomberlin
5.1 Introduction, 94
5.2 DNA extraction, 96
5.3 DNA sequencing, 99
5.4 Marker gene data analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 107
5.5 Multi?]omics data analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 114
5.6 Statistical analysis, 117
5.7 Major challenges and future directions, 118
6 Culture and long?]term storage of microorganisms for forensic science, 127 Emily N. Junkins, Embriette R. Hyde and David O. Carter
6.1 Introduction, 127
6.2 The value of culturing microorganisms, 128
6.3 Collection and handling of samples, 132
6.4 Protocols, 134
6.5 Conclusions, 143
7 Clinical microbiology and virology in the context of the autopsy, 146 Elisabeth J. Ridgway, Bala M. Subramanian and Mohammad Raza
7.1 Introduction, 146
7.2 The historical view of autopsy microbiology, 147
7.3 Which samples should you collect and how?, 149
7.4 Which methods are available for the diagnosis of infection?, 154
7.5 How do you put the results into context?, 156
7.6 What are the risks of transmission of infection in the postmortem room?, 163
7.7 How does autopsy microbiology contribute to the diagnosis of specific conditions?, 164
1 A primer on microbiology, 1 David O. Carter, Emily N. Junkins and Whitney A. Kodama
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Microbial characteristics, 2
1.3 Microorganisms and their habitats, 7
1.4 Competition for resources, 10
1.5 The ecology of some forensically relevant bacteria, 11
1.6 Archaea and microbial eukaryotes, 20
1.7 Conclusions, 21
2 History, current, and future use of microorganisms as physical evidence, 25 Zachary M. Burcham and Heather R. Jordan
2.1 Introduction, 25
2.2 Methods for identification, 26
2.3 Estimating PMI, 30
2.4 Cause of death, 36
2.5 Trace evidence, 40
2.6 Other medicolegal aspects, 43
2.7 Needs that must be met for use in chain of custody, 48
2.8 Summary, 49
3 Approaches and considerations for forensic microbiology decomposition research, 56 M. Eric Benbow and Jennifer L. Pechal
3.1 Introduction, 56
3.2 Challenges of human remains research, 57
3.3 Human remains research during death investigations, 58
3.4 Human surrogates in research, 60
3.5 Considerations for field studies, 61
3.6 Descriptive and hypothesis?]driven research, 62
3.7 Experiment design, 65
3.8 Validation studies, 69
4 Sampling methods and data generation, 72 Jennifer L. Pechal, M. Eric Benbow and Tawni L. Crippen
4.1 Introduction, 72
4.2 Materials, 73
4.3 Sample collection techniques, 79
4.4 Sample preservation, storage, and handling techniques, 80
4.5 Data considerations, 86
4.6 Conclusions, 90
5 An introduction to metagenomic data generation, analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 94 Baneshwar Singh, Tawni L. Crippen and Jeffery K. Tomberlin
5.1 Introduction, 94
5.2 DNA extraction, 96
5.3 DNA sequencing, 99
5.4 Marker gene data analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 107
5.5 Multi?]omics data analysis, visualization, and interpretation, 114
5.6 Statistical analysis, 117
5.7 Major challenges and future directions, 118
6 Culture and long?]term storage of microorganisms for forensic science, 127 Emily N. Junkins, Embriette R. Hyde and David O. Carter
6.1 Introduction, 127
6.2 The value of culturing microorganisms, 128
6.3 Collection and handling of samples, 132
6.4 Protocols, 134
6.5 Conclusions, 143
7 Clinical microbiology and virology in the context of the autopsy, 146 Elisabeth J. Ridgway, Bala M. Subramanian and Mohammad Raza
7.1 Introduction, 146
7.2 The historical view of autopsy microbiology, 147
7.3 Which samples should you collect and how?, 149
7.4 Which methods are available for the diagnosis of infection?, 154
7.5 How do you put the results into context?, 156
7.6 What are the risks of transmission of infection in the postmortem room?, 163
7.7 How does autopsy microbiology contribute to the diagnosis of specific conditions?, 164
