This volume focuses on the race among four laboratory teams to be the first to achieve the transmutation of atomic nuclei with artificially accelerated nuclear projectiles (protons) in high-voltage discharge tubes. It covers the development of particle accelerators in the 1920s, the growth of the laboratories and their teams, the race itself, and its aftermath. The book explores the history of nuclear physics, from Ernest Rutherford's nuclear atom of 1911 to nuclear fission on the eve of World War II. It also details various laboratories' reactions to the discovery of nuclear fission, their wartime roles, and the later careers of the principal personalities.
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