Debasish Sarkar

Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories Comprehensive up-to-date resource organizing fundamental aspects for the design and performance of steelmaking refractories Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories provides a fundamental understanding in the design of steelmaking refractories, in detail and all in one source, enabling readers to understand various issues including how heat and mass transfer occurs throughout the refractory, how matrix impurity or their contact affects the phases, and how invisible defects form during refractory manufacturing that eventually facilitates to analyze wear, corrosion, and performance of different refractory linings for primary and secondary steelmaking vessels, tundish, and continuous casting refractories. Other specific sample topics covered in Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories include: * Phase formations and correlation with impurity effects and refractory processing shortcomings * Stress, wear, and corrosion to design refractories and performance statistics of steelmaking refractories * Equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases, packing, stress and defects in compaction, and degree of ceramic bonding * Thermal and mechanical behavior, flow control mechanisms, continuous casting refractories, and premature refractory damage * Precast and purging system, consistent supply and time management, and preventive maintenance in operation With its complete coverage of the subject, Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories fulfills the academic demand of undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars of ceramic engineering; metallurgical engineers and mechanical engineering outlets that want to nurture in the refractory and steel sectors will also find value in the text.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 528
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Mai 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119790846
• Artikelnr.: 68030492

Autorenporträt

Debasish Sarkar, PhD, is currently Professor of the Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India. Prof. Sarkar has been working in the subject area of nanostructured ceramics, ceramic processing, iron and steel making refractories. process optimization and finite element analysis of structural ceramics for 26 years. He has published numerous peer-review articles, national and international patents, prototype developments, and books on the projected topics.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xv

Acknowledgment xvii

About Author xix

1 Heat and Mass Transfer 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Energy Conservation 2

1.3 Conduction 6

1.3.1 Basic Concept and Properties 6

1.3.2 One-Dimensional Steady-state Conduction 9

1.3.3 Two-Dimensional Steady-state Conduction 14

1.4 Convection 16

1.4.1 Boundary Layers 18

1.4.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 21

1.4.3 Free and Forced Convection 23

1.4.4 Flow in Confined Region 24

1.5 Radiation 29

1.5.1 Basic Concepts 29

1.5.2 Emission from Real Surfaces 29

1.5.3 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real Surfaces 31

1.5.4 Exchange Radiation 32

1.6 Mass Transfer 34

1.6.1 Convection Mass Transfer 35

1.6.2 Multiphase Mass Transfer 35

1.6.3 Analogy--Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer 37

1.7 Heat Transfer in Refractory Lining 39

1.7.1 Tunnel Kiln 39

1.7.2 Ladle Lining 40

References 43

2 Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Phases 45

2.1 Introduction 45

2.2 Basics of Phase Diagram 45

2.2.1 Gibb's Phase Rule 45

2.2.2 Binary Phase Diagram and Crystallization 47

2.2.3 Ternary Phase Diagram and Crystallization 55

2.2.4 Alkemade Lines 60

2.3 One-Component Phase Diagrams 62

2.3.1 Water 62

2.3.2 Quartz 63

2.4 Two-Component Phase Diagrams 64

2.4.1 Fe-C 64

2.4.2 Two Oxides Phase Diagrams 66

2.5 Three-Component Phase Diagrams 72

2.5.1 Three Oxides Phase Diagrams 72

2.5.2 FeO-SiO2 -C 78

2.6 Nucleation and Crystal Growth 79

2.6.1 Homogenous and Heterogeneous Nucleation 79

2.6.2 Crystal Growth Process 82

2.7 Nonequilibrium Phases 83

References 85

3 Packing, Stress, and Defects in Compaction 87

3.1 Introduction 87

3.2 Refractory Grading and Packing 88

3.2.1 Binary and Ternary System 89

3.2.2 Particle Morphology and Mechanical Response 91

3.2.3 Nanoscale Particles and Mechanical Response 93

3.2.4 Binder and Mixing on Packing 95

3.3 Stress-Strain during Compaction 98

3.4 Agglomeration and Compaction 99

3.5 Uniaxial Pressing 102

3.6 Cold Isostatic Pressing 104

3.7 Defects in Shaped Refractories 107

References 111

4 Degree of Ceramic Bonding 113

4.1 Introduction 113

4.2 Importance of Heating Compartment 114

4.2.1 Loading and Heating 114

4.2.2 Heat Distribution 116

4.2.3 Temperature Conformity 116

4.3 Initial Stage Sintering 118

4.3.1 Sintering Mechanisms of Two-particle Model 118

4.3.2 Atomic Diffusion 120

4.3.3 Sintering Kinetics 121

4.3.4 Sintering Variables 125

4.3.5 Limitations of Initial Stage of Sintering 126

4.4 Intermediate and Final Stage Sintering 126

4.4.1 Intermediate Stage Model 126

4.4.2 Final Stage Model 128

4.4.3 Influence of Entrapped Gases 129

4.5 Microstructure Alteration 130

4.5.1 Recrystallization and Grain Growth 130

4.5.2 Grain Growth: Normal and Abnormal 131

4.5.3 Pores and Secondary Crystallization 135

4.6 Sintering with Low Melting Constituents 137

4.7 Bonding Below 1000°C 138

4.7.1 Organic Binder 139

4.7.2 Inorganic Binder 140

4.7.3 Carbonaceous Binder 141

References 142