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Future Challenges in Sustainable Development within the Built Environment stimulates and reinterprets the demands of Responsible and Sustainable Development in the Built Environment for future action and development. It examines the methods of evaluation, the use of technology, the creation of new models and the role of human factors for examining and developing the subject over the next twenty years.
Future Challenges in Sustainable Development within the Built Environment stimulates and reinterprets the demands of Responsible and Sustainable Development in the Built Environment for future action and development. It examines the methods of evaluation, the use of technology, the creation of new models and the role of human factors for examining and developing the subject over the next twenty years.
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The Editors Peter S. Brandon is Professor Emeritus at the University of Salford, UK, having been Head of School and Pro Vice Chancellor for Research. He has chaired many of the major research committees related to the Built Environment in the UK, including the 1996 and 2001 Research Assessment Exercises. Patrizia Lombardi is Full Professor and Head of the Interuniversity Department of Urban and Regional Studies and Planning at the Politecnico di Turin, Italy. She has been an established gure in the eld of evaluating sustainable urban development for over 25 years, publishing widely in the subject area and coordinating several pan-European projects. Geoffrey Q. Shen is Chair Professor of Construction Management and became Associate Dean of the Faculty of Construction and Environment of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China, after completing two terms as Head of the Department of Building and Real Estate. He has a proven track record of research leadership in collaborative working and sustainable urban development.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors x Acknowledgements xii 1 Initiative and Obsolescence in Sustainable Development 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Section 1: World views and values 3 1.3 Section 2: Design and evaluation tools and technology 5 1.4 Section 3: Engaging with practice, stakeholders and management 8 1.5 Initiative and obsolescence 10 1.6 Final statement 13 References 13 Section 1: World Views and Values 15 2 Cities of Tomorrow: Five Crucibles of Change 17 2.1 Exordium 17 2.2 Disquisition 20 2.3 Propositum 36 References 39 3 Going Beyond Sustainability: Changing Views, Changing Ways 40 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 What lies beyond sustainability? 41 3.3 Changing views: Transforming story, transforming thought 44 3.4 Changing self: Transforming knowledge into wisdom 48 3.5 Changing ways: Transforming practice 50 3.6 Conclusions 52 Acknowledgements 53 References 54 4 Transition Towards a Post Carbon City - Does Resilience Matter? 55 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Cities and climate change 57 4.3 Approaches to sustainable development 60 4.4 Concluding remarks 65 Acknowledgements 66 References 67 5 Sustainable Urban Development - Where Are You Now? 69 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Establishing the BEQUEST network 70 5.3 Building the BEQUEST team 70 5.4 The legacy of BEQUEST 73 5.5 Defining SUD 75 5.6 The diffusion of SUD 77 5.7 The framing of and tools for SUD 78 5.8 Expansion/dilution of SUD 80 5.9 Elaborating, not extending, SUD 81 5.10 Conclusions 83 References 86 Section 2: Design and Evaluation Tools and Technology 91 6 Crowdsourcing Public Participation in Sustainable Built Environment Development: The Democratisation of Expertise 93 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 The context of sustainable built environment development 94 6.3 Background to technology enabled public participation 96 6.4 The potential of virtual reality 98 6.5 Using virtual reality as a crowdsourcing approach to public participation in urban planning 101 6.6 Summary 103 References 104 7 2050 - The Invisible Future 108 7.1 The future 108 7.2 What future? 109 7.3 The present and the future 111 7.4 Future city in 2050 112 7.5 Invisible BIM 2050 120 7.6 Constraints to the vision 122 References 123 8 The Role of Carbon in Sustainable Development 125 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Operational and embodied carbon in construction 126 8.3 Estimating OC and EC 129 8.4 Shifting of focus 140 8.5 Drivers and barriers in managing carbon emissions in construction 144 8.6 Need for carbon estimating in construction 148 8.7 Future trends 149 8.8 Conclusions 150 Acknowledgements 151 References 151 9 Supporting Risk Assessment in Building Resilient Cities 155 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 Theoretical framework for capturing the degree of vulnerability of a place 156 9.3 Local risk assessment process 156 9.4 Multi agency collaboration and community engagement 158 9.5 Technology platforms for interactive risk assessment 159 9.6 Conclusion 161 References 161 10 Towards an Intelligent Digital Ecosystem - Sustainable Datädriven Design Futures 164 10.1 Introduction 164 10.2 Changing role of 'design' for sustainable futures 165 10.3 Emerging concepts, challenges and trends 165 10.4 The rise of big data 167 10.5 From green to smart: New focus/new metrics 168 10.6 Predicted versus actual performance 169 10.7 Towards a digital ecosystem - Scenarios for implementation 173 10.8 Conclusions: Future value propositions 176 References 177 11 Smart Cities Case Study - The Nottingham Experience 179 11.1 Background 179 11.2 Remourban 180 11.3 Nottingham case study 181 11.4 Integrated infrastructures 189 11.5 Discussion on added value 190 References 191 Section 3: Engaging with Practice, Stakeholders and Management 193 12 Value oriented Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework 195 12.1 Stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 195 12.2 Approaches to stakeholder engagement 196 12.3 Value oriented approach of stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 198 12.4 Process of the value oriented stakeholder engagement approach 201 12.5 Using SNA to analyse stakeholder interrelationships 202 12.6 The conceptual framework and its potential applications 208 12.7 Conclusions 208 Acknowledgements 210 References 210 13 Sustainability in Practice in the United Kingdom - A Reflective Analysis 213 13.1 Introduction 213 13.2 Method 215 13.3 Reflective analysis 215 13.4 Property Tectonics 215 13.5 Economics, investment and finance 217 13.6 National grid pressures 218 13.7 Waste recycling 219 13.8 Lifespan software 220 13.9 Energy management in social housing 221 13.10 Energy Company Obligation 226 13.11 Compliance and warranties 226 13.12 Conclusion 229 References 229 14 Understanding Value Generation in Complex Urban Regeneration Projects 231 14.1 The context: Social housing projects in Brazil 231 14.2 Management of urban regeneration projects 232 14.3 Value generation 233 14.4 Research method 235 14.5 Main results 237 14.6 Discussion and conclusions 248 References 250 15 Integrating Sustainable Urban Development 252 15.1 Problem realisation 252 15.2 Towards a solution 254 15.3 Globalisation and virtualisation 256 15.4 The city and its hinterland 257 15.5 Towards better governance structures 260 15.6 Mind the skills gap 263 References 266 Further reading 266 16 Sustainability - The Role of Construction Contracts 268 16.1 Introduction 268 16.2 The JCT consultation 271 16.3 Specification or contract conditions 273 16.4 JCT standard form contracts and sustainability 276 16.5 The framework objectives 276 16.6 The provider's supply chain 276 16.7 Sustainable development and environmental considerations 277 16.8 Aspirational or legally binding provisions 278 16.9 The future 281 16.10 Conclusion 282 References 284 17 Transforming Communication and Decision making Practices for Sustainable Renewal of Urban Transport Infrastructure 285 17.1 Introduction 285 17.2 Aim, objectives and methods of study 287 17.3 Sustainable renewal of urban transport infrastructure 288 17.4 Analysis of key issues in urban transport renewal 292 17.5 Findings and discussion 298 17.6 Conclusion 300 References 301 18 Rethinking the Role of Time in Sustainable Urban Development 306 18.1 Introduction 306 18.2 Why time? 307 18.3 Planning with time 308 18.4 Time as a linking factor. Hermann Dooyeweerd's philosophy of the law idea 312 18.5 The grave of time. Why current planning approaches fail 314 18.6 Summary 316 18.7 A future challenge 316 References 317 19 Suggestions for Future Sustainability: Philosophical and Practical 319 19.1 Sustainability 319 19.2 Dooyeweerd's philosophy 323 19.3 The longer view 333 19.4 The importance of attitudes and beliefs to sustainability 336 19.5 Conclusion 341 References 342 Index 344
List of Contributors x Acknowledgements xii 1 Initiative and Obsolescence in Sustainable Development 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Section 1: World views and values 3 1.3 Section 2: Design and evaluation tools and technology 5 1.4 Section 3: Engaging with practice, stakeholders and management 8 1.5 Initiative and obsolescence 10 1.6 Final statement 13 References 13 Section 1: World Views and Values 15 2 Cities of Tomorrow: Five Crucibles of Change 17 2.1 Exordium 17 2.2 Disquisition 20 2.3 Propositum 36 References 39 3 Going Beyond Sustainability: Changing Views, Changing Ways 40 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 What lies beyond sustainability? 41 3.3 Changing views: Transforming story, transforming thought 44 3.4 Changing self: Transforming knowledge into wisdom 48 3.5 Changing ways: Transforming practice 50 3.6 Conclusions 52 Acknowledgements 53 References 54 4 Transition Towards a Post Carbon City - Does Resilience Matter? 55 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Cities and climate change 57 4.3 Approaches to sustainable development 60 4.4 Concluding remarks 65 Acknowledgements 66 References 67 5 Sustainable Urban Development - Where Are You Now? 69 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Establishing the BEQUEST network 70 5.3 Building the BEQUEST team 70 5.4 The legacy of BEQUEST 73 5.5 Defining SUD 75 5.6 The diffusion of SUD 77 5.7 The framing of and tools for SUD 78 5.8 Expansion/dilution of SUD 80 5.9 Elaborating, not extending, SUD 81 5.10 Conclusions 83 References 86 Section 2: Design and Evaluation Tools and Technology 91 6 Crowdsourcing Public Participation in Sustainable Built Environment Development: The Democratisation of Expertise 93 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 The context of sustainable built environment development 94 6.3 Background to technology enabled public participation 96 6.4 The potential of virtual reality 98 6.5 Using virtual reality as a crowdsourcing approach to public participation in urban planning 101 6.6 Summary 103 References 104 7 2050 - The Invisible Future 108 7.1 The future 108 7.2 What future? 109 7.3 The present and the future 111 7.4 Future city in 2050 112 7.5 Invisible BIM 2050 120 7.6 Constraints to the vision 122 References 123 8 The Role of Carbon in Sustainable Development 125 8.1 Introduction 125 8.2 Operational and embodied carbon in construction 126 8.3 Estimating OC and EC 129 8.4 Shifting of focus 140 8.5 Drivers and barriers in managing carbon emissions in construction 144 8.6 Need for carbon estimating in construction 148 8.7 Future trends 149 8.8 Conclusions 150 Acknowledgements 151 References 151 9 Supporting Risk Assessment in Building Resilient Cities 155 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 Theoretical framework for capturing the degree of vulnerability of a place 156 9.3 Local risk assessment process 156 9.4 Multi agency collaboration and community engagement 158 9.5 Technology platforms for interactive risk assessment 159 9.6 Conclusion 161 References 161 10 Towards an Intelligent Digital Ecosystem - Sustainable Datädriven Design Futures 164 10.1 Introduction 164 10.2 Changing role of 'design' for sustainable futures 165 10.3 Emerging concepts, challenges and trends 165 10.4 The rise of big data 167 10.5 From green to smart: New focus/new metrics 168 10.6 Predicted versus actual performance 169 10.7 Towards a digital ecosystem - Scenarios for implementation 173 10.8 Conclusions: Future value propositions 176 References 177 11 Smart Cities Case Study - The Nottingham Experience 179 11.1 Background 179 11.2 Remourban 180 11.3 Nottingham case study 181 11.4 Integrated infrastructures 189 11.5 Discussion on added value 190 References 191 Section 3: Engaging with Practice, Stakeholders and Management 193 12 Value oriented Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework 195 12.1 Stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 195 12.2 Approaches to stakeholder engagement 196 12.3 Value oriented approach of stakeholder engagement in sustainable development 198 12.4 Process of the value oriented stakeholder engagement approach 201 12.5 Using SNA to analyse stakeholder interrelationships 202 12.6 The conceptual framework and its potential applications 208 12.7 Conclusions 208 Acknowledgements 210 References 210 13 Sustainability in Practice in the United Kingdom - A Reflective Analysis 213 13.1 Introduction 213 13.2 Method 215 13.3 Reflective analysis 215 13.4 Property Tectonics 215 13.5 Economics, investment and finance 217 13.6 National grid pressures 218 13.7 Waste recycling 219 13.8 Lifespan software 220 13.9 Energy management in social housing 221 13.10 Energy Company Obligation 226 13.11 Compliance and warranties 226 13.12 Conclusion 229 References 229 14 Understanding Value Generation in Complex Urban Regeneration Projects 231 14.1 The context: Social housing projects in Brazil 231 14.2 Management of urban regeneration projects 232 14.3 Value generation 233 14.4 Research method 235 14.5 Main results 237 14.6 Discussion and conclusions 248 References 250 15 Integrating Sustainable Urban Development 252 15.1 Problem realisation 252 15.2 Towards a solution 254 15.3 Globalisation and virtualisation 256 15.4 The city and its hinterland 257 15.5 Towards better governance structures 260 15.6 Mind the skills gap 263 References 266 Further reading 266 16 Sustainability - The Role of Construction Contracts 268 16.1 Introduction 268 16.2 The JCT consultation 271 16.3 Specification or contract conditions 273 16.4 JCT standard form contracts and sustainability 276 16.5 The framework objectives 276 16.6 The provider's supply chain 276 16.7 Sustainable development and environmental considerations 277 16.8 Aspirational or legally binding provisions 278 16.9 The future 281 16.10 Conclusion 282 References 284 17 Transforming Communication and Decision making Practices for Sustainable Renewal of Urban Transport Infrastructure 285 17.1 Introduction 285 17.2 Aim, objectives and methods of study 287 17.3 Sustainable renewal of urban transport infrastructure 288 17.4 Analysis of key issues in urban transport renewal 292 17.5 Findings and discussion 298 17.6 Conclusion 300 References 301 18 Rethinking the Role of Time in Sustainable Urban Development 306 18.1 Introduction 306 18.2 Why time? 307 18.3 Planning with time 308 18.4 Time as a linking factor. Hermann Dooyeweerd's philosophy of the law idea 312 18.5 The grave of time. Why current planning approaches fail 314 18.6 Summary 316 18.7 A future challenge 316 References 317 19 Suggestions for Future Sustainability: Philosophical and Practical 319 19.1 Sustainability 319 19.2 Dooyeweerd's philosophy 323 19.3 The longer view 333 19.4 The importance of attitudes and beliefs to sustainability 336 19.5 Conclusion 341 References 342 Index 344
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