In conformity with this pattern the essay presents in turn some necessary elements of fuzzy set theory, the classical fuzzy diagnostic model with extensions, the fuzzy diagnostic model with clinical examinations extended throughout time based on distance theory, methods of drug effectiveness measurements and algorithms selecting the optimal medicine. As the complement, the solution of an approximation problem is suggested to find a curve that surrounds two-dimensional clock-like point sets with the little approximation error.
A lot of appealing examples are added to facilitate comprehension of theoretical principles for a reader, so that even a beginner in fuzzy set theory can follow calculation steps without implementing computer programs. It should be emphasized that all models are also applicable to other fields, especially to technical domains after necessary adaptations. This confirms the existence of the large spectrum of applicable fuzzy and rough methods not only in medicine but also in natural sciences.
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