GABA in Plants (eBook, PDF)
Biosynthesis, Plant Development, and Food Security
Redaktion: Singh, Samiksha; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar
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GABA in Plants (eBook, PDF)
Biosynthesis, Plant Development, and Food Security
Redaktion: Singh, Samiksha; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar
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A comprehensive overview of the role played by GABA as a signaling molecule in plants
In GABA in Plants: Biosynthesis, Plant Development, and Food Security , the editors deliver an expertly balanced discussion of the role played by GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, plant development, stress acclimation, as well as its potential impact on crop productivity under changing environmental conditions.
From explorations of the discovery of GABA in plants to presentations of GABA biosynthesis pathways, GABA crosstalk with other metabolites, and GABA's role in programmed cell death in…mehr
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- Größe: 5.04MB
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A comprehensive overview of the role played by GABA as a signaling molecule in plants
In GABA in Plants: Biosynthesis, Plant Development, and Food Security, the editors deliver an expertly balanced discussion of the role played by GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, plant development, stress acclimation, as well as its potential impact on crop productivity under changing environmental conditions.
From explorations of the discovery of GABA in plants to presentations of GABA biosynthesis pathways, GABA crosstalk with other metabolites, and GABA's role in programmed cell death in plants, this book is an essential treatment of a four-carbon signaling molecule that may yet prove pivotal in sustaining crop production in the face of climate change.
Readers will also find:
Perfect for students and scientists working in plant biology and physiology, crop protection, food security, nutrition, and biotechnology, GABA in Plants will also benefit professionals working in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
In GABA in Plants: Biosynthesis, Plant Development, and Food Security, the editors deliver an expertly balanced discussion of the role played by GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, plant development, stress acclimation, as well as its potential impact on crop productivity under changing environmental conditions.
From explorations of the discovery of GABA in plants to presentations of GABA biosynthesis pathways, GABA crosstalk with other metabolites, and GABA's role in programmed cell death in plants, this book is an essential treatment of a four-carbon signaling molecule that may yet prove pivotal in sustaining crop production in the face of climate change.
Readers will also find:
- A thorough introduction to GABA and its involvement in nodulation in and wounding stress in plants
- Comprehensive explorations of plant stress responses and tolerance mechanisms
- Practical discussions of GABA priming induced modulations in the redox homeostasis of plants under osmotic stress
- Complete treatments of GABA and heat, oxidative, cold, bacterial, mediated salt, and chilling stressors
Perfect for students and scientists working in plant biology and physiology, crop protection, food security, nutrition, and biotechnology, GABA in Plants will also benefit professionals working in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in D ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 369
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Januar 2025
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781394217762
- Artikelnr.: 72790073
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
- Seitenzahl: 369
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Januar 2025
- Englisch
- ISBN-13: 9781394217762
- Artikelnr.: 72790073
- Herstellerkennzeichnung Die Herstellerinformationen sind derzeit nicht verfügbar.
Dr. Samiksha Singh, Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany, S.N. Sen B.V. Post Graduate College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India. The Stanford University, USA, has named Dr. Singh amongst the top 2% of the world's most highly cited researchers for 2022 and 2023. Dr. Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Associate Professor and Joint Coordinator (Research and Development) at Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. Dr. Tripathi has worked extensively on heavy metals and toxic nanoparticles detoxification and has elaborated tolerance mechanisms in plants like rice, wheat, maize, tomato and brassica which could help in improving crop productivity benefitting for the society. Dr. Vijay Pratap Singh, Assistant Professor (Level 12) in the Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, India. Clarivate Analytics has named Dr. Singh among the top 1% of the world's most highly cited researchers for 2021-2023. Moreover, the Stanford University has also named Dr. Singh amongst the top 2% of the world's most highly cited researchers for 2019-2023.
Contributors xiii Preface xix 1 Discovery and Background of GABA in Plants 1 Gubbi Vani Ishika, Deepthi Puttegowda, Ranjith Raj, Manjunath Dammalli, and Ramith Ramu Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 History 2 Background 3 The GABA Metabolic Pathway in Plants 4 Structure and Conformation of GABA 6 Roles and Functions of GABA 7 Plant Development 8 Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolic Balance 8 Enhancement of Storage Quality and Shelf Life 9 pH Regulation 9 Compatible Osmolyte 10 Biotic and Abiotic Stress 10 Temperature Stress 11 Low Temperature 11 High Temperature 11 Drought 12 Heavy Metals 12 Ros 12 Salt 13 Conclusion 14 What People Will Learn by Reading This Chapter 14 How This Chapter Helps People Due to its Collective Content 15 References 15 2 GABA Biosynthesis Pathways and its Signaling in Plants 19 Nader Adamipour, Farzad Nazari, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva GABA Production and Degradation Pathway 19 Is GABA Only a Metabolite? 21 Role of GABA in Signaling between Eukaryotes and Bacteria 22 The Role of GABA Signaling in Regulating Pollen Tube Growth 23 The Role of GABA Signaling in Regulating Stomatal Aperture 23 Role of the GABA Shunt in Plants 24 The Effect of GABA on Plant Growth 24 The Effect of GABA on the Regulation of C:N Metabolism 25 The Role of GABA in Improving Shelf Life and the Storage Quality of Products 26 Role of GABA in Cytosolic pH Homeostasis 28 The Impact of GABA on ROS 28 Crosstalk of GABA with Other Signaling Molecules 29 Abscisic Acid 29 Ethylene 29 Auxins 30 Cytokinins 30 Gibberellins 31 Interaction of GABA, PAs, NO, and H 2 O 2 31 GABA and Proline Interaction 32 Conclusion and Future Prospects 32 References 33 3 GABA and Its Crosstalk with Other Metabolites in Relation to Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants 43 Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and Nishtha Srivastava Introduction 43 Enzymes in GABA Metabolic Pathways 44 Role of GABA Under Stressful Conditions in Plants 45 GABA and Salt Stress 46 GABA and Drought Stress 46 GABA and Chilling Stress 48 Crosstalk of GABA with Other Metabolites and Chemicals 48 GABA with H 2 O 2 49 GABA with Nitric Oxide (NO) 50 GABA with Calcium 50 Interplay of GABA with Plant Hormones 51 GABA with Auxin 51 GABA with Abscisic Acid 51 GABA with Ethylene 52 Mechanisms of Action of GABA in Plants Under Stress 52 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 54 References 54 4 GABA as a Signaling Molecule in Plants 65 Navya Sreepathi, Deepthi Puttegowda, Nagma Firdose, Bhavya Somaplara Gangadharappa, V B Chandana Kumari, and Ramith Ramu Abbreviations 65 Introduction 66 GABA in Plants as a Stress Response 67 GABA as a Drought-Induced Stress Response in Plants 68 GABA as a Stress Response in Plants Induced by Salinity 70 GABA as a Temperature-Induced Stress Response in Plants 73 GABA's Role in Mediating Oxidative Stress-Induced Responses in Plants 74 GABA's Role in Mediating Pathogen and Herbivore Attack Stress-Induced Responses in Plants 76 GABA Signaling in attKLM Operon (Bacteria) 76 GABA Signaling Against Viruses, Fungi, and Insect Attack 77 GABA Signaling in Plant Growth and Development 78 GABA Signaling in Seed Germination 79 GABA in ABA (Abscisic Acid) Signaling Pathway 80 GABA Signaling for Auxin Biosynthesis for Plant Growth Under Fe Deficiency 81 GABA in Root and Shoot Development 81 GABA Influence in Pollen Tube Elongation 83 GABA in Flowering, Fruit Development, and Ripening 83 GABA-Mediated Regulation of Stomatal Aperture in Plants 85 GABA Regulation in Stomatal Closure 85 GABA Signaling for GORK Channels Under Hypoxia 86 GABA in Ion-Exchange Regulation 86 GABA's Interplay with Diverse Signaling Pathways in Plants 88 Conclusion and Future Prospectives 89 References 90 5 GABA and Drought Stress 97 Petronia Carillo and Andrea Carra Introduction 97 GABA Shunt in Plants 99 GABA Accumulates in Plants Under Drought Stress 99 GABA Accumulation Increases Drought Tolerance 100 GABA Signaling and the Regulation of Stomatal Opening 102 Conclusion 105 References 105 6 The Role of GABA on Programmed Cell Death and Senescence in Plants 111 Fazilet Özlem Albayrak, Filiz Vardar, and Nihal Gören-Sälam Introduction 111 GABA Pathways 112 The Roles of GABA under Stress Conditions 113 GABA as a Signal Molecule 115 GABA-Mediated Avoidance from PCD 116 The Role of GABA on Leaf Senescence 118 Conclusions 121 References 121 7 GABA and Nodulation in Plants 129 Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Km Niharika, Nimisha Amist, Zeba Azim, Rangoli Krishna, Nishtha Srivastava, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 129 Nodulation in Leguminous Plants 130 Functioning of
-Aminobutyric Acid in Plants 132 Functioning of GABA in Nodulation 134 Conclusions and Future Prospects 136 References 137 8 GABA and Wounding Stress in Plants 143 Neeraj Kumar Dubey, Vijay Bahadur Yadav, Kunwar Deelip Singh, Satyendra Kumar Yadav, Ran Vijay Singh, Amarjeet Singh, and Jogeswar Panigrahi Introduction 143 GABA: An Important Molecule for Plant 144 GABA and Abiotic Stress 145 Biotic Stress and Wound-Mediated GABA Fluctuation 146 Transgenic Plants Expressing GABA and Effect on Herbivorous Performance 147 References 148 9 GABA in Plant Stress Response and Tolerance Mechanisms 155
erife Palab
y
k,
rem Çetinkaya, Tülay Öztürk, and Melike Bor Introduction 155 Abiotic Stress and GABA 158 Salt Stress and GABA 159 Drought and GABA 161 High Temperature and GABA 162 Cold Stress and GABA 163 Heavy Metal Stress and GABA 164 Biotic Stress and GABA 165 Conclusion and Future Prospects 166 References 166 10 GABA Priming Induced Modulations in the Redox Homeostasis of Plants under Osmotic Stress 173 Kakkuzhiyulla Parambath Raj Aswathi, Kolothodi Chandran Jisha, Mathew Veena, Akhila Sen, Nair Gopalakrishnan Sarath, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 173 Role of GABA in Plants 174 GABA Priming and Oxidative Stress Mitigation 174 Morphological Response 176 Physiological Response: With Special Emphasis on ROS and Antioxidant Machinery 176 Molecular Response 180 Stress Signaling Cross-Talk 181 Conclusion and Future Prospects 182 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 11 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid-Mediated Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants 189 Srijita Ghosh and Aryadeep Roychoudhury Introduction 189 Health Benefits of GABA 191 Biosynthesis of GABA 191 GABA Transport in Plants 192 Role of GABA in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 194 GABA and Drought Stress 194 GABA and Polyamines in Drought Stress 197 GABA and Salt Stress 198 GABA and Heat Stress 199 GABA and Cold Stress 200 GABA and Heavy Metal Stress 200 Conclusion 202 Acknowledgments 202 References 203 12 GABA and Heat Stress 211 Zeba Azim, Shubhra Khare, Narsingh Bahadur Singh, Km Niharika, Ajey Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, and Nimisha Amist Introduction 211 GABA-Biosynthesis and Transport/Pathways in Plant 213 GABA Morphological and Physiological Functions within Plants 213 GABA and Abiotic Stress 214 GABA and Heat Stress 215 Conclusion 217 References 218 13 GABA and Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Antioxidants 225 Somayeh Rastegar and Pegah Sayyad-Amin Introduction 225 Types and Characteristics of ROS 226 ROS Generation in Plants under Normal and Stress Conditions 227 The Importance of ROS Compartmentation for Plant Stress Adaptation 228 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants 229 Nonenzymatic Antioxidants 229 Enzymatic Antioxidants 231 Relationships of GABA Shunt and ROS during Stress Conditions 233 The Response of GABA under Abiotic Stress Conditions 235 Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid (AsA) 235 Synthesis of Phenolic Compounds 236 Conclusion 237 References 238 14 GABA in Relation to Cold and Chilling Stress 243 Somayeh Rastegar and Emad Hamdy Khedr Introduction 243 Plant Strategies to Overcome Cold Stress 245
-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 247 GABA Biosynthesis in Plants 247 Response Strategies of GABA in Cold Stress Tolerance 248 Mitigating ROS Generation and Improving Antioxidant Systems During Cold Stress in Plants 248 GABA Improves Nonenzyme Antioxidant System 250 Regulating Phenol Metabolism 250 Regulating Ascorbic Acid Metabolism 251 Promoting Polyamine Synthesis 252 Protecting Chloroplast Integrity 253 Maintaining Higher ATP Content and Energy Charge 254 Future Perspectives, Challenges, and Conclusion 256 Future Perspectives 256 Challenges 256 Conclusion 256 References 257 15 Role of GABA Under Bacterial Stress in Plants 263 Kuldeep Lahry, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, and Sudhir Singh Introduction 263 GABA and Biotic Stress in Plants 266 GABA and Bacterial Stress Response in Plants 267 Molecular Basis of GABA Accumulation in Response to Bacterial Pathogens 269 Glu-dependent Accumulation of GABA 269 Glu-independent Accumulation of GABA 270 The Involvement of GABA in the Interaction of Microbes with Plants 270 Ralstonia solanacearum 270 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 271 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 272 References 273 16 GABA-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance Through Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms 287 Riya Johnson, Joy Mulakkal Joel, Koravantakamparambil Sulaiman Anjitha, Louis Noble, Parammal Faseela, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 287 Concept of Salt Stress to Plants 288 Salt Stress and Related Metabolic Changes 289 GABA and Salinity Stress Tolerance 290 GABA Improves Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Under Salt Stress 291 GABA Alleviates Oxidative Injury Induced by Salt Stress via Accumulation of the Osmolytes in Plants 295 Molecular Changes Associated with GABA-Induced Salinity Stress Tolerance 298 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 299 17 GABA and Nutrient Deficiency 305 Km Niharika, Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Zeba Azim, Nimisha Amist, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 305 An Overview of GABA 306 Role of GABA in Plant Development 306 Role of GABA in Different Stress Tolerance 307 Different Mineral Nutrients and Their Role in Plant Development 308 Different Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants 310 Role of GABA in Nutrient Deficiency 311 Concluding Remarks 315 References 315 18 GABA and Plant-Derived Therapeutics 321 Lakshmi Jayaram, Deepthi Puttegowda, V. H. Pushpa, Shashank M. Patil, and Ramith Ramu List of Abbreviations 321 Introduction 322 The Mechanism of GABA in Action: Neurotransmission and Its Effect on Neurons 322 Plants with Reported GABAergic Activity: A Novel Source of Therapeutics 325 Passiflora incarnata (Passion Flower) 327 Piper methysticum (Kava) 328 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha, Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry) 328 Valeriana officinalis, (Valeriana) 329 Scutellaria lateriflora, (Scullcap, Blue Skullcap) 330 Melissa officinalis, (Lemon Balm) 330 Ginkgo biloba, (Maiden Hair) 330 Humulus lupulus, (Hops) 331 Matricaria recutita, (True Chamomile) 331 Centella asiatica, (Gotu Kola) 332 Conclusion and Future Perspective 332 References 333 Index 343
-Aminobutyric Acid in Plants 132 Functioning of GABA in Nodulation 134 Conclusions and Future Prospects 136 References 137 8 GABA and Wounding Stress in Plants 143 Neeraj Kumar Dubey, Vijay Bahadur Yadav, Kunwar Deelip Singh, Satyendra Kumar Yadav, Ran Vijay Singh, Amarjeet Singh, and Jogeswar Panigrahi Introduction 143 GABA: An Important Molecule for Plant 144 GABA and Abiotic Stress 145 Biotic Stress and Wound-Mediated GABA Fluctuation 146 Transgenic Plants Expressing GABA and Effect on Herbivorous Performance 147 References 148 9 GABA in Plant Stress Response and Tolerance Mechanisms 155
erife Palab
y
k,
rem Çetinkaya, Tülay Öztürk, and Melike Bor Introduction 155 Abiotic Stress and GABA 158 Salt Stress and GABA 159 Drought and GABA 161 High Temperature and GABA 162 Cold Stress and GABA 163 Heavy Metal Stress and GABA 164 Biotic Stress and GABA 165 Conclusion and Future Prospects 166 References 166 10 GABA Priming Induced Modulations in the Redox Homeostasis of Plants under Osmotic Stress 173 Kakkuzhiyulla Parambath Raj Aswathi, Kolothodi Chandran Jisha, Mathew Veena, Akhila Sen, Nair Gopalakrishnan Sarath, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 173 Role of GABA in Plants 174 GABA Priming and Oxidative Stress Mitigation 174 Morphological Response 176 Physiological Response: With Special Emphasis on ROS and Antioxidant Machinery 176 Molecular Response 180 Stress Signaling Cross-Talk 181 Conclusion and Future Prospects 182 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 11 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid-Mediated Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants 189 Srijita Ghosh and Aryadeep Roychoudhury Introduction 189 Health Benefits of GABA 191 Biosynthesis of GABA 191 GABA Transport in Plants 192 Role of GABA in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 194 GABA and Drought Stress 194 GABA and Polyamines in Drought Stress 197 GABA and Salt Stress 198 GABA and Heat Stress 199 GABA and Cold Stress 200 GABA and Heavy Metal Stress 200 Conclusion 202 Acknowledgments 202 References 203 12 GABA and Heat Stress 211 Zeba Azim, Shubhra Khare, Narsingh Bahadur Singh, Km Niharika, Ajey Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, and Nimisha Amist Introduction 211 GABA-Biosynthesis and Transport/Pathways in Plant 213 GABA Morphological and Physiological Functions within Plants 213 GABA and Abiotic Stress 214 GABA and Heat Stress 215 Conclusion 217 References 218 13 GABA and Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Antioxidants 225 Somayeh Rastegar and Pegah Sayyad-Amin Introduction 225 Types and Characteristics of ROS 226 ROS Generation in Plants under Normal and Stress Conditions 227 The Importance of ROS Compartmentation for Plant Stress Adaptation 228 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants 229 Nonenzymatic Antioxidants 229 Enzymatic Antioxidants 231 Relationships of GABA Shunt and ROS during Stress Conditions 233 The Response of GABA under Abiotic Stress Conditions 235 Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid (AsA) 235 Synthesis of Phenolic Compounds 236 Conclusion 237 References 238 14 GABA in Relation to Cold and Chilling Stress 243 Somayeh Rastegar and Emad Hamdy Khedr Introduction 243 Plant Strategies to Overcome Cold Stress 245
-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 247 GABA Biosynthesis in Plants 247 Response Strategies of GABA in Cold Stress Tolerance 248 Mitigating ROS Generation and Improving Antioxidant Systems During Cold Stress in Plants 248 GABA Improves Nonenzyme Antioxidant System 250 Regulating Phenol Metabolism 250 Regulating Ascorbic Acid Metabolism 251 Promoting Polyamine Synthesis 252 Protecting Chloroplast Integrity 253 Maintaining Higher ATP Content and Energy Charge 254 Future Perspectives, Challenges, and Conclusion 256 Future Perspectives 256 Challenges 256 Conclusion 256 References 257 15 Role of GABA Under Bacterial Stress in Plants 263 Kuldeep Lahry, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, and Sudhir Singh Introduction 263 GABA and Biotic Stress in Plants 266 GABA and Bacterial Stress Response in Plants 267 Molecular Basis of GABA Accumulation in Response to Bacterial Pathogens 269 Glu-dependent Accumulation of GABA 269 Glu-independent Accumulation of GABA 270 The Involvement of GABA in the Interaction of Microbes with Plants 270 Ralstonia solanacearum 270 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 271 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 272 References 273 16 GABA-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance Through Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms 287 Riya Johnson, Joy Mulakkal Joel, Koravantakamparambil Sulaiman Anjitha, Louis Noble, Parammal Faseela, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 287 Concept of Salt Stress to Plants 288 Salt Stress and Related Metabolic Changes 289 GABA and Salinity Stress Tolerance 290 GABA Improves Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Under Salt Stress 291 GABA Alleviates Oxidative Injury Induced by Salt Stress via Accumulation of the Osmolytes in Plants 295 Molecular Changes Associated with GABA-Induced Salinity Stress Tolerance 298 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 299 17 GABA and Nutrient Deficiency 305 Km Niharika, Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Zeba Azim, Nimisha Amist, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 305 An Overview of GABA 306 Role of GABA in Plant Development 306 Role of GABA in Different Stress Tolerance 307 Different Mineral Nutrients and Their Role in Plant Development 308 Different Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants 310 Role of GABA in Nutrient Deficiency 311 Concluding Remarks 315 References 315 18 GABA and Plant-Derived Therapeutics 321 Lakshmi Jayaram, Deepthi Puttegowda, V. H. Pushpa, Shashank M. Patil, and Ramith Ramu List of Abbreviations 321 Introduction 322 The Mechanism of GABA in Action: Neurotransmission and Its Effect on Neurons 322 Plants with Reported GABAergic Activity: A Novel Source of Therapeutics 325 Passiflora incarnata (Passion Flower) 327 Piper methysticum (Kava) 328 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha, Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry) 328 Valeriana officinalis, (Valeriana) 329 Scutellaria lateriflora, (Scullcap, Blue Skullcap) 330 Melissa officinalis, (Lemon Balm) 330 Ginkgo biloba, (Maiden Hair) 330 Humulus lupulus, (Hops) 331 Matricaria recutita, (True Chamomile) 331 Centella asiatica, (Gotu Kola) 332 Conclusion and Future Perspective 332 References 333 Index 343
Contributors xiii Preface xix 1 Discovery and Background of GABA in Plants 1 Gubbi Vani Ishika, Deepthi Puttegowda, Ranjith Raj, Manjunath Dammalli, and Ramith Ramu Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1 History 2 Background 3 The GABA Metabolic Pathway in Plants 4 Structure and Conformation of GABA 6 Roles and Functions of GABA 7 Plant Development 8 Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolic Balance 8 Enhancement of Storage Quality and Shelf Life 9 pH Regulation 9 Compatible Osmolyte 10 Biotic and Abiotic Stress 10 Temperature Stress 11 Low Temperature 11 High Temperature 11 Drought 12 Heavy Metals 12 Ros 12 Salt 13 Conclusion 14 What People Will Learn by Reading This Chapter 14 How This Chapter Helps People Due to its Collective Content 15 References 15 2 GABA Biosynthesis Pathways and its Signaling in Plants 19 Nader Adamipour, Farzad Nazari, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva GABA Production and Degradation Pathway 19 Is GABA Only a Metabolite? 21 Role of GABA in Signaling between Eukaryotes and Bacteria 22 The Role of GABA Signaling in Regulating Pollen Tube Growth 23 The Role of GABA Signaling in Regulating Stomatal Aperture 23 Role of the GABA Shunt in Plants 24 The Effect of GABA on Plant Growth 24 The Effect of GABA on the Regulation of C:N Metabolism 25 The Role of GABA in Improving Shelf Life and the Storage Quality of Products 26 Role of GABA in Cytosolic pH Homeostasis 28 The Impact of GABA on ROS 28 Crosstalk of GABA with Other Signaling Molecules 29 Abscisic Acid 29 Ethylene 29 Auxins 30 Cytokinins 30 Gibberellins 31 Interaction of GABA, PAs, NO, and H 2 O 2 31 GABA and Proline Interaction 32 Conclusion and Future Prospects 32 References 33 3 GABA and Its Crosstalk with Other Metabolites in Relation to Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants 43 Akhilesh Kumar Pandey and Nishtha Srivastava Introduction 43 Enzymes in GABA Metabolic Pathways 44 Role of GABA Under Stressful Conditions in Plants 45 GABA and Salt Stress 46 GABA and Drought Stress 46 GABA and Chilling Stress 48 Crosstalk of GABA with Other Metabolites and Chemicals 48 GABA with H 2 O 2 49 GABA with Nitric Oxide (NO) 50 GABA with Calcium 50 Interplay of GABA with Plant Hormones 51 GABA with Auxin 51 GABA with Abscisic Acid 51 GABA with Ethylene 52 Mechanisms of Action of GABA in Plants Under Stress 52 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 54 References 54 4 GABA as a Signaling Molecule in Plants 65 Navya Sreepathi, Deepthi Puttegowda, Nagma Firdose, Bhavya Somaplara Gangadharappa, V B Chandana Kumari, and Ramith Ramu Abbreviations 65 Introduction 66 GABA in Plants as a Stress Response 67 GABA as a Drought-Induced Stress Response in Plants 68 GABA as a Stress Response in Plants Induced by Salinity 70 GABA as a Temperature-Induced Stress Response in Plants 73 GABA's Role in Mediating Oxidative Stress-Induced Responses in Plants 74 GABA's Role in Mediating Pathogen and Herbivore Attack Stress-Induced Responses in Plants 76 GABA Signaling in attKLM Operon (Bacteria) 76 GABA Signaling Against Viruses, Fungi, and Insect Attack 77 GABA Signaling in Plant Growth and Development 78 GABA Signaling in Seed Germination 79 GABA in ABA (Abscisic Acid) Signaling Pathway 80 GABA Signaling for Auxin Biosynthesis for Plant Growth Under Fe Deficiency 81 GABA in Root and Shoot Development 81 GABA Influence in Pollen Tube Elongation 83 GABA in Flowering, Fruit Development, and Ripening 83 GABA-Mediated Regulation of Stomatal Aperture in Plants 85 GABA Regulation in Stomatal Closure 85 GABA Signaling for GORK Channels Under Hypoxia 86 GABA in Ion-Exchange Regulation 86 GABA's Interplay with Diverse Signaling Pathways in Plants 88 Conclusion and Future Prospectives 89 References 90 5 GABA and Drought Stress 97 Petronia Carillo and Andrea Carra Introduction 97 GABA Shunt in Plants 99 GABA Accumulates in Plants Under Drought Stress 99 GABA Accumulation Increases Drought Tolerance 100 GABA Signaling and the Regulation of Stomatal Opening 102 Conclusion 105 References 105 6 The Role of GABA on Programmed Cell Death and Senescence in Plants 111 Fazilet Özlem Albayrak, Filiz Vardar, and Nihal Gören-Sälam Introduction 111 GABA Pathways 112 The Roles of GABA under Stress Conditions 113 GABA as a Signal Molecule 115 GABA-Mediated Avoidance from PCD 116 The Role of GABA on Leaf Senescence 118 Conclusions 121 References 121 7 GABA and Nodulation in Plants 129 Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Km Niharika, Nimisha Amist, Zeba Azim, Rangoli Krishna, Nishtha Srivastava, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 129 Nodulation in Leguminous Plants 130 Functioning of
-Aminobutyric Acid in Plants 132 Functioning of GABA in Nodulation 134 Conclusions and Future Prospects 136 References 137 8 GABA and Wounding Stress in Plants 143 Neeraj Kumar Dubey, Vijay Bahadur Yadav, Kunwar Deelip Singh, Satyendra Kumar Yadav, Ran Vijay Singh, Amarjeet Singh, and Jogeswar Panigrahi Introduction 143 GABA: An Important Molecule for Plant 144 GABA and Abiotic Stress 145 Biotic Stress and Wound-Mediated GABA Fluctuation 146 Transgenic Plants Expressing GABA and Effect on Herbivorous Performance 147 References 148 9 GABA in Plant Stress Response and Tolerance Mechanisms 155
erife Palab
y
k,
rem Çetinkaya, Tülay Öztürk, and Melike Bor Introduction 155 Abiotic Stress and GABA 158 Salt Stress and GABA 159 Drought and GABA 161 High Temperature and GABA 162 Cold Stress and GABA 163 Heavy Metal Stress and GABA 164 Biotic Stress and GABA 165 Conclusion and Future Prospects 166 References 166 10 GABA Priming Induced Modulations in the Redox Homeostasis of Plants under Osmotic Stress 173 Kakkuzhiyulla Parambath Raj Aswathi, Kolothodi Chandran Jisha, Mathew Veena, Akhila Sen, Nair Gopalakrishnan Sarath, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 173 Role of GABA in Plants 174 GABA Priming and Oxidative Stress Mitigation 174 Morphological Response 176 Physiological Response: With Special Emphasis on ROS and Antioxidant Machinery 176 Molecular Response 180 Stress Signaling Cross-Talk 181 Conclusion and Future Prospects 182 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 11 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid-Mediated Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants 189 Srijita Ghosh and Aryadeep Roychoudhury Introduction 189 Health Benefits of GABA 191 Biosynthesis of GABA 191 GABA Transport in Plants 192 Role of GABA in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 194 GABA and Drought Stress 194 GABA and Polyamines in Drought Stress 197 GABA and Salt Stress 198 GABA and Heat Stress 199 GABA and Cold Stress 200 GABA and Heavy Metal Stress 200 Conclusion 202 Acknowledgments 202 References 203 12 GABA and Heat Stress 211 Zeba Azim, Shubhra Khare, Narsingh Bahadur Singh, Km Niharika, Ajey Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, and Nimisha Amist Introduction 211 GABA-Biosynthesis and Transport/Pathways in Plant 213 GABA Morphological and Physiological Functions within Plants 213 GABA and Abiotic Stress 214 GABA and Heat Stress 215 Conclusion 217 References 218 13 GABA and Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Antioxidants 225 Somayeh Rastegar and Pegah Sayyad-Amin Introduction 225 Types and Characteristics of ROS 226 ROS Generation in Plants under Normal and Stress Conditions 227 The Importance of ROS Compartmentation for Plant Stress Adaptation 228 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants 229 Nonenzymatic Antioxidants 229 Enzymatic Antioxidants 231 Relationships of GABA Shunt and ROS during Stress Conditions 233 The Response of GABA under Abiotic Stress Conditions 235 Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid (AsA) 235 Synthesis of Phenolic Compounds 236 Conclusion 237 References 238 14 GABA in Relation to Cold and Chilling Stress 243 Somayeh Rastegar and Emad Hamdy Khedr Introduction 243 Plant Strategies to Overcome Cold Stress 245
-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 247 GABA Biosynthesis in Plants 247 Response Strategies of GABA in Cold Stress Tolerance 248 Mitigating ROS Generation and Improving Antioxidant Systems During Cold Stress in Plants 248 GABA Improves Nonenzyme Antioxidant System 250 Regulating Phenol Metabolism 250 Regulating Ascorbic Acid Metabolism 251 Promoting Polyamine Synthesis 252 Protecting Chloroplast Integrity 253 Maintaining Higher ATP Content and Energy Charge 254 Future Perspectives, Challenges, and Conclusion 256 Future Perspectives 256 Challenges 256 Conclusion 256 References 257 15 Role of GABA Under Bacterial Stress in Plants 263 Kuldeep Lahry, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, and Sudhir Singh Introduction 263 GABA and Biotic Stress in Plants 266 GABA and Bacterial Stress Response in Plants 267 Molecular Basis of GABA Accumulation in Response to Bacterial Pathogens 269 Glu-dependent Accumulation of GABA 269 Glu-independent Accumulation of GABA 270 The Involvement of GABA in the Interaction of Microbes with Plants 270 Ralstonia solanacearum 270 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 271 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 272 References 273 16 GABA-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance Through Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms 287 Riya Johnson, Joy Mulakkal Joel, Koravantakamparambil Sulaiman Anjitha, Louis Noble, Parammal Faseela, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 287 Concept of Salt Stress to Plants 288 Salt Stress and Related Metabolic Changes 289 GABA and Salinity Stress Tolerance 290 GABA Improves Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Under Salt Stress 291 GABA Alleviates Oxidative Injury Induced by Salt Stress via Accumulation of the Osmolytes in Plants 295 Molecular Changes Associated with GABA-Induced Salinity Stress Tolerance 298 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 299 17 GABA and Nutrient Deficiency 305 Km Niharika, Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Zeba Azim, Nimisha Amist, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 305 An Overview of GABA 306 Role of GABA in Plant Development 306 Role of GABA in Different Stress Tolerance 307 Different Mineral Nutrients and Their Role in Plant Development 308 Different Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants 310 Role of GABA in Nutrient Deficiency 311 Concluding Remarks 315 References 315 18 GABA and Plant-Derived Therapeutics 321 Lakshmi Jayaram, Deepthi Puttegowda, V. H. Pushpa, Shashank M. Patil, and Ramith Ramu List of Abbreviations 321 Introduction 322 The Mechanism of GABA in Action: Neurotransmission and Its Effect on Neurons 322 Plants with Reported GABAergic Activity: A Novel Source of Therapeutics 325 Passiflora incarnata (Passion Flower) 327 Piper methysticum (Kava) 328 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha, Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry) 328 Valeriana officinalis, (Valeriana) 329 Scutellaria lateriflora, (Scullcap, Blue Skullcap) 330 Melissa officinalis, (Lemon Balm) 330 Ginkgo biloba, (Maiden Hair) 330 Humulus lupulus, (Hops) 331 Matricaria recutita, (True Chamomile) 331 Centella asiatica, (Gotu Kola) 332 Conclusion and Future Perspective 332 References 333 Index 343
-Aminobutyric Acid in Plants 132 Functioning of GABA in Nodulation 134 Conclusions and Future Prospects 136 References 137 8 GABA and Wounding Stress in Plants 143 Neeraj Kumar Dubey, Vijay Bahadur Yadav, Kunwar Deelip Singh, Satyendra Kumar Yadav, Ran Vijay Singh, Amarjeet Singh, and Jogeswar Panigrahi Introduction 143 GABA: An Important Molecule for Plant 144 GABA and Abiotic Stress 145 Biotic Stress and Wound-Mediated GABA Fluctuation 146 Transgenic Plants Expressing GABA and Effect on Herbivorous Performance 147 References 148 9 GABA in Plant Stress Response and Tolerance Mechanisms 155
erife Palab
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rem Çetinkaya, Tülay Öztürk, and Melike Bor Introduction 155 Abiotic Stress and GABA 158 Salt Stress and GABA 159 Drought and GABA 161 High Temperature and GABA 162 Cold Stress and GABA 163 Heavy Metal Stress and GABA 164 Biotic Stress and GABA 165 Conclusion and Future Prospects 166 References 166 10 GABA Priming Induced Modulations in the Redox Homeostasis of Plants under Osmotic Stress 173 Kakkuzhiyulla Parambath Raj Aswathi, Kolothodi Chandran Jisha, Mathew Veena, Akhila Sen, Nair Gopalakrishnan Sarath, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 173 Role of GABA in Plants 174 GABA Priming and Oxidative Stress Mitigation 174 Morphological Response 176 Physiological Response: With Special Emphasis on ROS and Antioxidant Machinery 176 Molecular Response 180 Stress Signaling Cross-Talk 181 Conclusion and Future Prospects 182 Acknowledgments 182 References 182 11 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid-Mediated Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants 189 Srijita Ghosh and Aryadeep Roychoudhury Introduction 189 Health Benefits of GABA 191 Biosynthesis of GABA 191 GABA Transport in Plants 192 Role of GABA in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 194 GABA and Drought Stress 194 GABA and Polyamines in Drought Stress 197 GABA and Salt Stress 198 GABA and Heat Stress 199 GABA and Cold Stress 200 GABA and Heavy Metal Stress 200 Conclusion 202 Acknowledgments 202 References 203 12 GABA and Heat Stress 211 Zeba Azim, Shubhra Khare, Narsingh Bahadur Singh, Km Niharika, Ajey Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, and Nimisha Amist Introduction 211 GABA-Biosynthesis and Transport/Pathways in Plant 213 GABA Morphological and Physiological Functions within Plants 213 GABA and Abiotic Stress 214 GABA and Heat Stress 215 Conclusion 217 References 218 13 GABA and Oxidative Stress and the Regulation of Antioxidants 225 Somayeh Rastegar and Pegah Sayyad-Amin Introduction 225 Types and Characteristics of ROS 226 ROS Generation in Plants under Normal and Stress Conditions 227 The Importance of ROS Compartmentation for Plant Stress Adaptation 228 Antioxidant Defense System in Plants 229 Nonenzymatic Antioxidants 229 Enzymatic Antioxidants 231 Relationships of GABA Shunt and ROS during Stress Conditions 233 The Response of GABA under Abiotic Stress Conditions 235 Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid (AsA) 235 Synthesis of Phenolic Compounds 236 Conclusion 237 References 238 14 GABA in Relation to Cold and Chilling Stress 243 Somayeh Rastegar and Emad Hamdy Khedr Introduction 243 Plant Strategies to Overcome Cold Stress 245
-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 247 GABA Biosynthesis in Plants 247 Response Strategies of GABA in Cold Stress Tolerance 248 Mitigating ROS Generation and Improving Antioxidant Systems During Cold Stress in Plants 248 GABA Improves Nonenzyme Antioxidant System 250 Regulating Phenol Metabolism 250 Regulating Ascorbic Acid Metabolism 251 Promoting Polyamine Synthesis 252 Protecting Chloroplast Integrity 253 Maintaining Higher ATP Content and Energy Charge 254 Future Perspectives, Challenges, and Conclusion 256 Future Perspectives 256 Challenges 256 Conclusion 256 References 257 15 Role of GABA Under Bacterial Stress in Plants 263 Kuldeep Lahry, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, and Sudhir Singh Introduction 263 GABA and Biotic Stress in Plants 266 GABA and Bacterial Stress Response in Plants 267 Molecular Basis of GABA Accumulation in Response to Bacterial Pathogens 269 Glu-dependent Accumulation of GABA 269 Glu-independent Accumulation of GABA 270 The Involvement of GABA in the Interaction of Microbes with Plants 270 Ralstonia solanacearum 270 Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 271 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 272 References 273 16 GABA-Mediated Salt Stress Tolerance Through Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms 287 Riya Johnson, Joy Mulakkal Joel, Koravantakamparambil Sulaiman Anjitha, Louis Noble, Parammal Faseela, and Jos Thomas Puthur Introduction 287 Concept of Salt Stress to Plants 288 Salt Stress and Related Metabolic Changes 289 GABA and Salinity Stress Tolerance 290 GABA Improves Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Under Salt Stress 291 GABA Alleviates Oxidative Injury Induced by Salt Stress via Accumulation of the Osmolytes in Plants 295 Molecular Changes Associated with GABA-Induced Salinity Stress Tolerance 298 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 299 References 299 17 GABA and Nutrient Deficiency 305 Km Niharika, Shubhra Khare, Ajey Singh, Zeba Azim, Nimisha Amist, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh Introduction 305 An Overview of GABA 306 Role of GABA in Plant Development 306 Role of GABA in Different Stress Tolerance 307 Different Mineral Nutrients and Their Role in Plant Development 308 Different Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants 310 Role of GABA in Nutrient Deficiency 311 Concluding Remarks 315 References 315 18 GABA and Plant-Derived Therapeutics 321 Lakshmi Jayaram, Deepthi Puttegowda, V. H. Pushpa, Shashank M. Patil, and Ramith Ramu List of Abbreviations 321 Introduction 322 The Mechanism of GABA in Action: Neurotransmission and Its Effect on Neurons 322 Plants with Reported GABAergic Activity: A Novel Source of Therapeutics 325 Passiflora incarnata (Passion Flower) 327 Piper methysticum (Kava) 328 Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha, Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry) 328 Valeriana officinalis, (Valeriana) 329 Scutellaria lateriflora, (Scullcap, Blue Skullcap) 330 Melissa officinalis, (Lemon Balm) 330 Ginkgo biloba, (Maiden Hair) 330 Humulus lupulus, (Hops) 331 Matricaria recutita, (True Chamomile) 331 Centella asiatica, (Gotu Kola) 332 Conclusion and Future Perspective 332 References 333 Index 343