Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Bagchi, Debasis; Bagchi, Manashi; Swaroop, Anand

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Functional foods and nutraceuticals have received considerable interest in the past decade largely due to increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits associated with food. Diet in human health is no longer a matter of simple nutrition: consumers are more proactive and increasingly interested in the health benefits of functional foods and their role in the prevention of illness and chronic conditions. This, combined with an aging population that focuses not only on longevity but also quality of life, has created a market for functional foods and nutraceuticals. A fully updated and revised second edition, Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods reflects the recent upsurge in "omics" technologies and features 48 chapters that cover topics including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenetics, peptidomics, nutrigenomics and human health, transcriptomics, nutriethics and nanotechnology. This cutting-edge volume, written by a panel of experts from around the globe reviews the latest developments in the field with an emphasis on the application of these novel technologies to functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 688
• Erscheinungstermin: 25. September 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118930465
• Artikelnr.: 43969307

Autorenporträt

Debasis Bagchi, Ph.D., MACN, CNS, MAIChE University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA Anand Swaroop, Ph.D. Cepham Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA Manashi Bagchi, Ph.D., FACN Cepham Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA

Inhaltsangabe

Contributors xxiv Preface xxxi Part I Introduction 1 1 Novel Omics Technologies in Food Nutrition 3 Xuewu Zhang, Lijun You, Wei Wang, and Kaijun Xiao 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Transcriptomics in Nutritional Research 4 1.3 Proteomics in Nutritional Research 5 1.4 Metabolomics in Nutritional Research 7 1.5 Systems Biology in Nutritional Research 9 1.6 Conclusions 9 2 Seafood Authentication using Foodomics: Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Genomics 14 Karola Böhme, Jorge Barros-Velázquez, Pilar Calo-Mata, José M. Gallardo, and Ignacio Ortea 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Proteomic Approaches 15 2.3 Metabolomic Approaches 19 2.4 Genomic Approaches 20 2.5 Conclusions 25 3 A Foodomics Approach Reveals Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Red Microalgae 31 Irit Dvir, Aliza H. Stark, and Shoshana (Malis) Arad 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Marine Functional Foods and Supplements 32 3.3 Microalgae 33 3.4 Summary 37 Part II Genomics 41 4 Gene?]Diet Interaction and Weight Management 43 Lu Qi 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Diet and Lifestyle Modifications in Weight Management 44 4.3 The Role of Genetic Factors in Determining Body Weight and Weight Loss 44 4.4 Gene-Diet Interactions on Body Weight and Risk of Obesity 46 4.5 Gene-Diet Interactions on Weight Loss in Randomized Clinical Trials 47 4.6 Gene?]Diet Interactions on Weight Maintenance 48 4.7 Personalized Weight Management through Diet and Lifestyle Modifications 49 4.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks 50 5 NutrimiRomics: The Promise of a New Discipline in Nutrigenomics 53 Amitava Das and Chandan K. Sen 5.1 Introduction 53 5.2 miRomics: A New Cornerstone 56 5.3 Nutrigenomics and miR 57 6 Genomics as a Tool to Characterize Anti?]inflammatory Nutraceuticals 61 Amitava Das, Scott Chaffee, and Sashwati Roy 6.1 Chronic Inflammation in Disease 61 6.2 Nutraceuticals in the Management of Chronic Inflammation 64 6.3 GeneChipTM as a Tool to Characterize the Anti?]Inflammatory Properties of Nutraceuticals 65 7 Nutrigenomics, Inflammaging, and Osteoarthritis: A Review 71 Ali Mobasheri, Richard Barrett-Jolley, Caroline A. Staunton, Chris Ford, and Yves Henrotin 7.1 Introduction 71 7.2 Osteoarthritis (OA) 72 7.3 Antioxidants and the Inflammatory Microenvironment 73 7.4 Inflammaging 75 7.5 Nutrigenomics 76 7.6 Muscle Inflammation in OA 77 7.7 Conclusions 80 8 Genetic Basis of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Boswellia Extracts 85 Golakoti Trimurtulu, Chandan K. Sen, Alluri V. Krishnaraju, Kiran Bhupathiraju, and Krishanu Sengupta 8.1 Introduction 85 8.2 Boswellia serrata 86 8.3 Mechanism of Action 87 8.4 Development of 5-LOXIN (BE-30) 87 8.5 Gene Chip Probe Array Analysis 88 8.6 Proteomics 89 8.7 Molecular Basis of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of 5-LOXIN 95 8.8 In vivo Studies 96 8.9 Safety of 5-LOXIN 96 8.10 Clinical Efficacy of 5-LOXIN in the Management of Osteoarthritis 97 8.11 An Advanced 5-LOXIN: Aflapin 99 8.12 Conclusion 100 9 Cancer Chemopreventive Phytochemicals Targeting NF-
B and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways 102 Hye-Kyung Na and Young-Joon Surh 9.1 Introduction 102 9.2 Molecular-Based Cancer Chemoprevention 104 9.3 Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-
B) 105 9.4 Nrf2 108 9.5 Interplay/Crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF?]
B Signaling Pathways 114 9.6 Conclusion 115 10 The Beneficial Health Effects of Fucoxanthin 122 Kazuo Miyashita and Masashi Hosokawa 10.1 Introduction 122 10.2 The Beneficial Health Effects of Carotenoids as Antioxidants 124 10.3 Anticancer Activity of Fucoxanthin 124 10.4 Anti-Obesity Effects of Fucoxanthin 126 10.5 Anti-Diabetic Effects of Fucoxanthin 127 10.6 Conclusion 130 11 Nutrition, Genomics, and Human Health: A Complex Mechanism for Wellness 135 Okezie I. Aruoma 11.1 Introduction 135 11.2 Nutrition Sciences and Clinical Applications in Nutritional Genomics 136 12 Application of Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis in Exploratory Study of Functional Foods 140 Kohsuke Hayamizu and Aiko Manji 12.1 Introduction 140 12.2 Analysis Tools 141 12.3 Interpretation Tools 142 12.4 Application Example of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. Var Acephala DC) 143 12.5 Conclusion 148 13 Omics Analysis and Databases for Plant Science 150 Masaaki Kobayashi, Hajime Ohyanagi, and Kentaro Yano 13.1 Introduction 150 13.2 NGS Technologies and Data Processing 151 13.3 De novo Plant Genome Assembly by NGS 151 13.4 Plant Genome Resequencing by NGS 153 13.5 Plant Transcriptome Analysis by NGS 154 13.6 Plant Genome and Annotation Databases 154 13.7 Plant Omics Databases 155 13.8 Conclusion 156 14 Synergistic Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding Approaches for Ensuring Food Security 160 Shouvik Das and Swarup K. Parida 14.1 Introduction 160 14.2 Plant Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Resources 161 14.3 Molecular Markers in Plant Genome Analysis 163 14.4 Identification of Functionally Relevant Molecular Tags Governing Agronomic Traits 167 14.5 Genomics?]Assisted Crop Improvement 170 15 Combinatorial Approaches Utilizing Nutraceuticals in Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy: A Complementary Shift with Promising Acuity 185 Madhulika Singh and Yogeshwer Shukla 15.1 Introduction 185 15.2 Nutraceuticals 187 15.3 Nutraceuticals and Key Events in Cancer Development 189 15.4 Nutraceuticals in Combinatorial Therapy of Human Cancer: A Pledge of the Future 191 15.5 Curcumin: Potential for Combination Therapy 195 15.6 Resveratrol: Potential for Combination Therapy 199 15.7 Lycopene (a Carotenoid): Potential for Combinations Therapy 202 15.8 Soy Nutraceuticals: Potential for Combination Therapy 203 15.9 Tea Polyphenols Potential for Combinatorial Therapy 204 15.10 D-Limonene: Potential for Combination Therapy 207 15.12 Conclusion 208 16 Nutrigenomic Approaches to Understanding the Transcriptional and Metabolic Responses of Phytochemicals to Diet-Induced Obesity and its Complications 218 Myung-Sook Choi and Eun-Young Kwon 16.1 Introduction 218 16.2 Nutrigenomics 219 16.3 Obesity and Cardiometabolic Syndrome 222 16.4 Anti-Obesity Action of Luteolin 225 16.5 Conclusion 226 17 Going Beyond the Current Native Nutritional Food Through the Integration of the Omic Data in the Post?]Genomic Era: A Study in (Resistant) Starch Systems Biology 230 Treenut Saithong and Saowalak Kalapanulak 17.1 Introduction 230 17.2 Starch and its Yield Improvement in Plants 231 17.3 An Extension of the (Resistant) Starch Yield Improvement Research on the Systems Biology Regime: Integration of the Omic Data from the Post-Genomic Technology 233 Part III Proteomics 243 18 Proteomics and Nutrition Research: An Overview 245 Arun K. Tewari, Sudhasri Mohanty, and Sashwati Roy 18.1 Introduction 245 18.2 Proteomics 245 18.3 Nutrition and Proteins 246 18.4 Nutritional Biomarkers 248 18.5 Nutritional Bioactives 248 18.6 Diet-Based Proteomics Application to Animal Products (Livestock Applications) 249 18.7 Proteomics and Food Safety 249 18.8 Conclusion 249 18.9 Significance 250 19 Proteomics Analysis for the Functionality of Toona sinensis 253 Sue-Joan Chang and Chun-Yung Huang 19.1 Introduction 253 19.2 Toona sinensis 253 19.3 TSLs Regulate Functions of Testes/Spermatozoa 254 19.4 TSLs Regulate Liver Metabolism 257 19.5 TSL as a Novel Antioxidant 261 19.6 Possible Active Compounds in TSL Extracts 261 19.7 Conclusion 261 20 Proteomic Approaches to Identify Novel Therapeutics and Nutraceuticals from Filamentous Fungi: Prospects and Challenges 265 Samudra Prosad Banik, Suman Khowala, Chiranjib Pal, and Soumya Mukherjee 20.1 Introduction 265 20.2 Mushroom Derived Immunomodulators and their Target Cells in the Immune System 266 20.3 Mushroom Derived Metabolites in Treating Cancer 271 20.4 Mushroom Derived Metabolites in Infectious Diseases 271 20.5 Fungal Enzymes as Therapeutics and Dietary Supplements 274 20.6 Identification and Characterization of Mushroom Derived Bioactive Therapeutics 275 20.7 Challenges in Intracellular Proteome Preparation 279 20.8 Challenges in Extracellular Proteome Preparation 279 20.9 New Generation MS Technologies to Track the Dynamic Proteome 280 20.10 Glycoproteomics: A New Arsenal in the Proteomic Toolbox 280 20.11 Glycoproteomics of Filamentous Fungi 281 20.12 High?]Throughput Approaches to Decipher Fungal Glycan Structures 282 20.13 Challenges in MS Studies of Glycans/Glycopeptides 284 20.14 Optimized MS Instrumentation for Glycan Analysis 284 20.15 Tandem Mass Spectrometry 285 20.16 Bioinformatics for Glycoproteomics: Hitting Databases with MS Peaks 285 20.17 Predicting Glycan Structures with Computational Tools 286 20.18 Concluding Remarks: The Road Ahead 287 21 Proteomics and Metaproteomics for Studying Probiotic Activity 296 Rosa Anna Siciliano and Maria Fiorella Mazzeo 21.1 Introduction 296 21.2 Molecular Mechanisms of Probiotic Action as Studied by Proteomics 297 21.3 Probiotics and Prebiotics 299 21.4 Investigation on Human Microbiota Dynamics by Proteomics 300 21.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 301 22 Proteomics Approach to Assess the Potency of Dietary Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins and Dimeric Procyanidin B2 304 Hai-qing Gao, Bao-ying Li, Mei Cheng, Xiao-li Li, Fei Yu, and Zhen Zhang 22.1 Chemoprotective Properties of GSPs 305 22.2 Proteomic Platform 309 22.3 Proteomics Analysis of the Actions of GSPs 311 22.4 Functional Confirmation of Proteins 317 22.5 Future Perspectives 317 23 Genomic and Proteomic Approaches to Lung Transplantation: Identifying Relevant Biomarkers to Improve Surgical Outcome 321 John Noel, Ronald Carnemola, and Shampa Chatterjee 23.1 Introduction 321 23.2 Lung Transplantation 322 23.3 Challenges of Lung Transplantation 323 23.4 Inflammatory Biomarkers with Lung Rejection: Markers of Inflammation Signaling such as CAMs, Chemokines, and Cytokines and their Status with Transplants 324 23.5 Microarray Technology to Identify Transplant Rejection Biomarkers 324 23.6 Challenges and Future Directions 325 24 Proteomics in Understanding the Molecular Basis of Phytochemicals for Health 328 Jung Yeon Kwon, Sanguine Byun, and Ki Won Lee 24.1 Introduction 328 24.2 Proteomics in Phytochemical Research in Cancer Prevention 329 24.3 Perspectives 331 24.4 Proteomics in Phytochemical Research for Metabolic Diseases 333 24.5 Proteomics for Neuroprotective Phytochemicals 333 24.6 Proteomics for Phytochemicals with Other Functions for Health Benefits 334 24.7 Conclusions 334 25 Genomics/Proteomics of NEXT-II, a Novel Water?]Soluble, Undenatured Type II Collagen in Joint Health Care 338 Orie Yoshinari, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Manashi Bagchi, and Debasis Bagchi 25.1 Introduction 338 25.2 Mechanism of RA 339 25.3 About NEXT-II 340 25.4 Hypothesized Mechanism of NEXT-II 342 25.5 Future Perspectives 343 25.6 Conclusion 343 Part IV Metabolomics 347 26 Harnessing Metabolic Diversity for Nutraceutical Plant Breeding 349 Ashish Saxena and Vicki L. Schlegel 26.1 What is Metabolomics? 349 26.2 Nutraceuticals 350 26.3 Importance of Secondary Metabolites 350 26.4 Complementing Plant Breeding with "Omics" 351 26.5 Nutraceutical Breeding 352 26.6 Crop Quality 353 26.7 Metabolomics and Plant Stresses 353 26.8 Food Safety 354 26.9 Future 354 27 Metabolomics and Fetal-Neonatal Nutrition: An Overview 357 Angelica Dessì, Flaminia Cesare Marincola, and Vassilios Fanos 27.1 Introduction 357 27.2 IUGR and LGA: Fetal Programming 358 27.3 Metabolomics in Nutritional Research 358 27.4 Nutrimetabolomics in Animal Models 360 27.5 Nutrimetabolomics in Human Models 361 27.6 Conclusions 362 28 Metabolomics, Bioactives, and Cancer 365 Shannon R. Sweeney, John DiGiovanni, and Stefano Tiziani 28.1 Introduction 365 28.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 366 28.3 Mass Spectrometry 367 28.4 Application of Scientific Computing and Data Analysis 368 28.5 Metabolomics, Bioactive Food Components, and Cancer 369 28.6 Future Perspectives 373 29 NMR?]Based Metabolomics of Foods 379 Takuya Miyakawa, Tingfu Liang, and Masaru Tanokura 29.1 Introduction 379 29.2 Principal Aspects of NMR in Food Analyses 380 29.3 NMR Techniques Applied to Food Metabolomics 380 29.4 Monitoring of Metabolic Changes in Food Processing Using Quantitative NMR 381 29.5 NMR Profiling Based on Multivariate Analyses 382 29.6 Conclusion 386 30 Cancer Chemopreventive Effect of Curcumin through Suppressing Metabolic Crosstalk between Components in the Tumor Microenvironment 388 Dong Hoon Suh and Yong-Sang Song 30.1 Introduction 388 30.2 Cancer Metabolism 389 30.3 Metabolic Onco-Targets of Curcumin in the Tumor Microenvironment 391 30.4 Clinical Trials of Curcumin as Metabolic Modulators in Cancer 393 30.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 393 31 Metabolomics of Green Tea 397 Yoshinori Fujimura and Hirofumi Tachibana 31.1 Introduction 397 31.2 Metabolic Profiling 398 31.3 Tea Chemical Composition 401 31.4 Metabolic Responses to Tea Consumption 402 31.5 Biotransformation of Dietary Tea Components 403 31.6 Conclusion 404 Part V Epigenetics 407 32 The Potential Epigenetic Modulation of Diabetes Influenced by Nutritional Exposures In Utero 409 Jie Yan and Huixia Yang 32.1 Introduction 409 32.2 Insulin Resistance 409 32.3 Skeletal Muscle 410 32.4 Type 2 Diabetes 410 32.5 Influence of High?]Fat Diet 410 32.6 Obesity 410 32.7 Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) 411 32.8 Environmental Factors and Epigenetic Modifications 411 32.9 Mitochondria and Energy Homeostasis 413 32.10 Diabetes Progression 413 32.11 Conclusion 414 33 The Time has Come (and the Tools are Available) for Nutriepigenomics Studies 418 Pearlly S. Yan 33.1 Introduction: Great Strides in Deciphering Methylomes 418 33.2 Recent Findings in Methylome Research and their Implications for Future Nutriepigenomic Research 419 33.3 Strategies for Identifying and Optimizing a Small Number of Promising Methylation Markers 419 33.4 Validation of Methylation Markers Performance in Large Cohorts using Highly Targeted Assays 421 33.5 Summaries 422 34 Natural Phytochemicals as Epigenetic Modulators 424 Gauri Deb and Sanjay Gupta 34.1 Introduction 424 34.2 Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mammals 425 34.3 Natural Phytochemicals and Epigenetic Mechanisms 427 34.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 433 Part VI Peptidomics 441 35 Detection and Identification of Food-Derived Peptides in Human Blood: Food-Derived Short Chain Peptidomes in Human Blood 443 Kenji Sato and Daisuke Urado 35.1 Introduction 443 35.2 Detection of Apparent Bioactive Peptides in Human Blood 444 35.3 Identification of Food?]Derived Peptides in Human Blood 444 35.4 Future Prospects 448 Part VII Nutrigenomics and Human Health 453 36 Use of Omics Approaches for Developing Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Phytomedicines 455 Shu-Yi Yin, Pradeep M. S., and Ning-Sun Yang 36.1 Introduction 455 36.2 Transcriptomics Study in Medicinal Plant Research 458 36.3 Proteomics Studies on Research into Medicinal Plants 462 36.4 Metabolomics Study on the Research of Medicinal Plants 463 36.5 Lipidomics Study on the Research of Medicinal Plants 466 36.6 Comparative and Bioinformatics Tools for Omics Studies 466 36.7 Challenges and Perspectives 469 37 The Application of Algae for Cosmeceuticals in the Omics Age 476 Nyuk Ling Ma, Su Shiung Lam, and Rahman Zaidah 37.1 Introduction 476 37.2 Metabolomics 477 37.3 Genomics 477 37.4 Proteomics 481 37.5 Conclusion 483 38 Gut Microbiome and Functional Foods: Health Benefits and Safety Challenges 489 Abhai Kumar, Smita Singh, and Anil Kumar Chauhan 38.1 Introduction 489 38.2 Microbiome Symbiosis 490 38.3 Functional Food Intervention of Gut Microbiota 492 38.4 Types of Functional Foods and Their Effects 493 38.5 Regulations and Safety of Functional Food 497 38.6 Safety Challenges of Functional Food 499 38.7 Functional Foods and Nutrigenomics 499 38.8 Conclusions 500 39 An Overview on Germinated Brown Rice and its Nutrigenomic Implications 504 Mustapha Umar Imam and Maznah Ismail 39.1 Diet and Health: The Role of Staple Foods and Nutrigenomic Implications 504 39.2 Health Implications of White Rice and Brown Rice Consumption 506 39.3 Germinated Brown Rice: Bioactives, Functional Effects, and Mechanistic Insights 506 39.4 Conclusions 513 39.5 Future Considerations 513 40 Novel Chromium (III) Supplements and Nutrigenomics Exploration: A Review 518 Sreejayan Nair, Anand Swaroop, and Debasis Bagchi 40.1 Introduction 518 40.2 Trivalent Chromium, Insulin Regulation, and Signaling 519 40.3 Regulatory Pathways 519 40.4 MicroRNAs 522 40.5 Summary and Conclusions 522 Part VIII Transcriptomics 525 41 Transcriptomics of Plants Interacting with Pathogens and Beneficial Microbes 527 Hooman Mirzaee, Louise Shuey, and Peer M. Schenk 41.1 Introduction 527 41.2 Plant Defense Responses against Pathogens 528 41.3 Transcriptomics during Plant?]Pathogen Interactions 529 41.4 Plant Responses during Interactions with Beneficial Microbes 530 41.5 Transcriptomics during Beneficial Plant?]Microbe Interactions 531 41.6 Knowledge on Modulation of Host Immunity by Pathogens and Beneficial Microbes May Lead to New Resistance Strategies 532 42 Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Chicken Adipose Tissue: An Overview 537 Brynn H. Voy, Stephen Dearth, and Shawn R. Campagna 42.1 Introduction 537 42.2 Chicken as a Model Organism 537 42.3 Chicken Genome and Genetic Diversity 538 42.4 Chicken as a Model for Studies of Adipose Biology and Obesity 538 42.5 Natural and Selected Models of Differential Fatness 538 42.6 Transcriptomics and Metabolomics as Tools for the Studies of Adipose Biology in Chicken 539 42.7 Insight into Control of Adipose Tissue Growth and Metabolism in Chickens from Transcriptomics and Metabolomics 541 42.8 Conclusions and Future Directions 543 43 Nutritional Transcriptomics: An Overview 545 M. R. Noori?]Daloii and A. Nejatizadeh 43.1 Introduction 545 43.2 Molecular Nutrition 546 43.3 From Nutrients to Genes Expression Profiling 547 43.4 Biological Actions of Nutrients 548 43.5 Nutritional Transcriptomics 548 43.6 Transcriptomic Technologies 549 43.7 Transcriptomics and Development of New Nutritional Biomarkers 552 43.8 The Micronutrient Genomics Project 553 43.9 Transcriptomics in Nutrition Research 553 43.10 Perspectives 554 44 Dissecting Transcriptomes of Cyanobacteria for Novel Metabolite Production 557 Sucheta Tripathy, Deeksha Singh, Mathumalar C., and Abhishek Das 44.1 Introduction 557 44.2 Phylogenetic Relationships in Cyanobacteria 558 44.3 Genomic Studies of Cyanobacteria 560 44.4 Plasmids in Cyanobacteria 562 44.5 Dissecting Transcriptomes of Cyanobacteria 563 44.6 Conclusion 571 45 Inflammation, Nutrition, and Transcriptomics 573 Gareth Marlow and Lynnette R. Ferguson 45.1 Introduction 573 45.2 Inflammation 573 45.3 Nutrition 575 45.4 Nutrigenomics 575 45.5 Dietary Factors and Inflammation 576 45.6 Transcriptomics 577 45.7 Conclusions 578 46 Transcriptomics and Nutrition in Mammalians 581 Carmen Arnal, Jose M. Lou-Bonafonte, María V. Martínez?]Gracia, María J. Rodríguez-Yoldi, and Jesús Osada 46.1 Introduction 581 46.2 Adipocyte Transcriptome 584 46.3 Intestinal Transcriptome 587 46.4 Hepatic Transcriptome 590 46.5 Muscular Transcriptome 599 46.6 Conclusion 601 Part IX Nutriethics 609 47 Nutritional Sciences at the Intersection of Omics Disciplines and Ethics: A Focus on Nutritional Doping 611 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi 47.1 Introduction 611 47.2 Nutrigenomics and Nutriproteomics 612 47.3 Sports Nutriproteogenomics 614 47.4 Nutritional and Sports Ethics 615 47.5 Conclusions 617 Part X Nanotechnology 623 48 Current Relevant Nanotechnologies for the Food Industry 625 Kelvii Wei Guo 48.1 Introduction 625 48.2 Nanotechnology in Food Industry 626 48.3 Natural Biopolymers 630 48.4 Nanotechnology for Food Packaging 630 48.5 Outstanding State-of-the-Art Issues 633 48.6 Conclusion 633 References 634 Index 637