Ccps (Center For Chemical Process Safety)

Guidelines for Combustible Dust Hazard Analysis (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This book describes how to conduct a Combustible Dust Hazard Analysis (CDHA) for processes handling combustible solids. The book explains how to do a dust hazard analysis by using either an approach based on compliance with existing consensus standards, or by using a risk based approach. Worked examples in the book help the user understand how to do a combustible dust hazards analysis.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Seitenzahl: 256
• Erscheinungstermin: 26. April 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119378211
• Artikelnr.: 48408525

Autorenporträt

Since 1985, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been the global leader in developing and disseminating information on process safety management and technology. CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over 100 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series, and over 100 training modules through its Safety in Chemical Engineering Education (SACHE) series.

Inhaltsangabe

Table of Contents vii

LIST OF TABLES xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xv

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xvii

GLOSSARY xix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiv

PREFACE xxvii

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Purpose of Book 1

1.2 Book Road Map 2

1.3 References 4

2. Background 5

2.1 Nature of the dust fire and explosion problem 5

2.1.1 Dust explosion statistics 5

2.1.2 Case Study: Hoeganaes Corporation 5

Findings and Lessons 10

2.2 Requirements for dust fires and explosions 11

2.2.1 Layer Fire. 12

2.2.3 Flash Fires and Explosions 12

2.3 Combustibility and Explosivity Parameters 15

2.3.1 Explosibility Screening Test 15

2.3.2 Deflagration Index, KSt (bar-m/sec) 18

2.3.3 Maximum Pressure, Pmax (Bar) 18

2.3.4 Minimum Explosible Concentration, MEC (g/m3) 19

2.3.5 Minimum Ignition Energy, MIE (mJoules, mJ) 19

2.3.6 Minimum Auto Ignition Temperature - Cloud, MAIT ("aC) 20

2.3.7 Layer Ignition Temperature, LIT ("aC) 20

2.3.8 Limiting Oxygen Concentration, LOC (vol% O2) 20

vii

viii GUIDELINES FOR COMBUSTIBLE DUST HAZARD ANALYSIS

2.3.9 Volume Resistivity (Ohm-m) 20

2.4 Comparison to combustible vapors 21

2.5 Effect of Parameters 22

2.6 Summary 22

2.7 References 23

3. The Hazards Within - Dust Inside Equipment 25

3.1 Methods of Prevention, Protection, Mitigation 25

3.1.1 Ignition Control 26

3.1.2 Inerting/Oxidant Control 28

3.1.3 Combustible Concentration Control 28

3.1.4 Deflagration Venting 28

3.1.5 Deflagration Suppression 29

3.1.6 Containment 29

3.1.7 Deflagration Isolation 30

3.2 Issues 30

3.2.1 Air/Material Separators 32

3.2.2 Size Reduction Equipment (grinders, mills, etc.) 34

3.2.3 Dryers 35

3.2.4 Silos/Hoppers 36

3.2.5 Portable containers 37

3.2.6 Conveyors 38

3.2.7 Blenders/Mixers 41

3.2.8 Feeding into Vessels having Flammable Vapor Atmospheres 41

3.3 Summary 42

3.4 References 42

4. Hazards of Dust External to Equipment 45

4.1 Case Study - Imperial Sugar 45

4.2 Issues Inside a Room or Building 48

4.3 Methods of Prevention and protection 49

4.3.1 Control of Dust Deposits Outside of Equipment 49

4.3.2 Ignition Control 52

4.3.3 Damage Limiting Construction 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

4.4 Summary 52

4.5 References 53

5. Traditional Approach to Hazard Assessment and Control 55

5.1 Introduction 55

5.1.1 Process Safety Information (PSI) 55

5.1.2 Competent Team 56

5.2 Steps to the Traditional Approach 56

5.2.1 Step 1 - Is a combustible dust involved? 57

5.2.2 Step 2 - Determine Which Standards Apply 58

5.2.3 Step 3 - Determine where fire/explosion hazards exist 62

5.2.4 Step 4 - Review Unit Operation vs. Standard Requirements for Prevention and Mitigation of Fires/Explosions 63

5.2.5 Step 5 - Make recommendations 65

5.2.6 Step 6 - Document the DHA 65

5.2.7 Step 7 - Implement the recommendations 66

5.3 Summary 67

5.4 References 68

6. Risk-based Approach to Dust Hazard Analysis 69

6.1 Introduction 69

6.2 Technique for a Risk-based DHA 70

6.2.1 Step 1: Identify Failure Scenarios 70

6.2.2 Step 2: Evaluate the Consequences 70
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