James G. Speight

Handbook of Gasification Technology (eBook, PDF)

Science, Processes, and Applications

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Gasification is one of the most important advancements that has ever occurred in energy production. Using this technology, for example, coal can be gasified into a product that has roughly half the carbon footprint of coal. On a large scale, gasification could be considered a revolutionary development, not only prolonging the life of carbon-based fuels, but making them "greener" and cleaner. As long as much of the world still depends on fossil fuels, gasification will be an environmentally friendlier choice for energy production. But gasification is not just used for fossil fuels. Waste products that would normally be dumped into landfills or otherwise disposed of can be converted into energy through the process of gasification. The same is true of biofeedstocks and other types of feedstocks, thus making another argument for the widespread use of gasification. The Handbook of Gasification Technology covers all aspects of the gasification, in a "one-stop shop," from the basic science of gasification and why it is needed to the energy sources, processes, chemicals, materials, and machinery used in the technology. Whether a veteran engineer or scientist using it as a reference or a professor using it as a textbook, this outstanding new volume is a must-have for any library.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 544
• Erscheinungstermin: 19. März 2020
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118773772
• Artikelnr.: 59167487

Autorenporträt

James G. Speight, PhD, has more than forty-five years of experience in energy, environmental science, and ethics. He is the author of more than 65 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, and environmental sciences. Although he has always worked in private industry which focused on contract-based work, Dr. Speight has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition, he was a Visiting Professor in the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq and has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiv

Part 1: Synthesis Gas Production 1

1 Energy Sources and Energy Supply 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Typical Energy Sources 6

1.2.1 Natural Gas and Natural Gas Hydrates 6

1.2.2 The Crude Oil Family 7

1.2.3 Extra Heavy Crude Oil and Tar Sand Bitumen 10

1.3 Other Energy Sources 11

1.3.1 Coal 12

1.3.2 Oil Shale 14

1.3.3 Biomass 16

1.3.4 Solid Waste 19

1.4 Energy Supply 22

1.4.1 Economic Factors 22

1.4.2 Geopolitical Factors 22

1.4.3 Physical Factors 23

1.4.4 Technological Factors 24

1.5 Energy Independence 25

References 29

2 Overview of Gasification 35

2.1 Introduction 35

2.2 Gasification Processes 38

2.2.1 Processes 40

2.3 Feedstocks 41

2.3.1 Influence of Feedstock Quality 48

2.3.2 Feedstock Preparation 50

2.3.2.1 Crushing/Sizing/Drying 51

2.3.2.2 Pelletizing and Briquetting 51

2.4 Power Generation 52

2.5 Synthetic-Fuel Production 53

2.5.1 Gaseous Products 54

2.5.1.1 Synthesis Gas 54

2.5.1.2 Low Btu Gas 55

2.5.1.3 Medium Btu Gas 55

2.5.1.4 High Heat-Content Gas 56

2.5.2 Liquid Fuels 56

2.5.3 Tar 57

2.6 Advantages and Limitations 58

2.7 Market Developments and Outlook 60

References 62

3 Gasifier Types- Designs and Engineering 67

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Gasifier Types 68

3.2.1 Fixed Bed Gasifier 72

3.2.2 Fluid Bed Gasifier 75

3.2.3 Entrained Bed Gasifier 78

3.2.4 Molten Salt Gasifier 79

3.2.5 Plasma Gasifier 80

3.2.6 Slagging Gasifier 82

3.2.7 Other Types 83

3.3 Designs 83

3.3.1 General Design Aspects 84

3.3.2 Chemical and Physical Aspects 85

3.3.2.1 Chemical Aspects 85

3.3.2.2 Influence of Feedstock Quality 86

3.3.2.3 Mineral Matter Content 88

3.3.2.4 Mixed Feedstocks 89

3.3.2.5 Moisture Content 89

3.3.3 Physical Effects 90

3.3.3.1 Bulk Density 90

3.3.3.2 Char Gasification 90

3.3.3.3 Devolatilization and Volatile Matter Production 91

3.3.3.4 Particle Size and Distribution 92

3.4 Mechanism 92

3.4.1 Primary Gasification 93

3.4.2 Secondary Gasification 93

3.4.3 Hydrogasification 94

3.4.4 Catalytic Gasification 95

3.5 Energy Balance 96

3.6 Gasifier-Feedstock Compatibility 97

3.6.1 Feedstock Reactivity 97

3.6.2 Energy Content 98

3.7 Products 99

3.7.1 Gases 100

3.7.2 Tar 102

References 103

4 Chemistry, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics 107

4.1 Introduction 107

4.2 Chemistry 108

4.2.1 Pretreatment 109

4.2.2 Gasification Reactions 110

4.2.2.1 Primary Gasification 113

4.2.2.2 Secondary Gasification 114

4.2.2.3 Water Gas Shift Reaction 117

4.2.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Gasification 118

4.2.2.5 Hydrogasification 119

4.2.2.6 Methanation 120

4.2.2.7 Catalytic Gasification 121

4.2.2.8 Effect of Process Parameters 122

4.2.3 Physical Effects 122

4.3 Thermodynamics and Kinetics 124

4.3.1 Thermodynamics 126

4.3.2 Kinetics 127

4.4 Products 128

4.4.1 Gaseous Products 131

4.4.1.1 Low Btu Gas 132

4.4.1.2 Medium Btu Gas 1