Richard Stilp, Armando Bevelacqua

Hazardous Materials Medicine (eBook, ePUB)

Treating the Chemically Injured Patient

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Hazardous Materials Medicine Complete background on chemical exposures that create illnesses, including assessment, diagnosis, and treatment protocols Written on a level that can be understood by field practitioners and/or first responders, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient provides an in-depth understanding of how to diagnose and treat toxic chemical exposures in a prehospital or emergency department setting. The protocols used in this book conform to the guidelines set forth in the NFPA 470 standard, and the medical guidance developed by FEMA for Type I, II & III Deployable Hazmat Response Teams. The hazardous materials medical protocols in this book have been fully vetted by three poison control toxicologists, multiple emergency physicians, and paramedics. Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient covers sample topics such as: * Scene assessment, to help determine the cause of the exposure, and exposure assessment, to determine what physiologic systems are affected * Toxic syndromes/toxidromes to appropriately treat the exposed patient, including corrosive and irritant, asphyxiant, cholinergic, and hydrocarbon and derivative toxidromes * Science behind a chemical exposure, to allow for a complete understanding of both the chemistry and physiology of what is occurring because of the exposure * Interfacing between the on-scene response team and the hospital, to ensure consistency and continuity of care from the field into the hospital Enabling public safety and health professionals to administer effective care while retaining their own personal safety, Hazardous Materials Medicine: Treating the Chemically Injured Patient is a must-have resource for emergency medical technicians, paramedics, hazmat technicians, and emergency physicians and nurses working in high-risk field situations with chemically injured patients.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 368
• Erscheinungstermin: 20. März 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119663959
• Artikelnr.: 67673793

Autorenporträt

Richard Stilp MA, RN started his career in the fire service in 1976 and has worked in many positions in the fire service including firefighter/paramedic, engineer, lieutenant, district chief, and fire chief. During his career he served as a paramedic program chair for a local college, emergency department registered nurse, executive director of the fire academy, worked in administration for a large hospital system. Armando Bevelacqua is a 38 year veteran of the fire service, writes free-lance, publishing articles, instructional materials and educational textbooks in the field of hazmat response. Has served during the course of his career as a firefighter-paramedic, HazMat technician, High Angle rescue, below grade rescue, Dive rescue, chief officer and flight medic.

Inhaltsangabe

Author Biographies and Acknowledgments xvii

Foreword xxi

Preface xxiii

1 HazMat Medicine and the HazMat Medic 1

Introduction 1

Case Study - Sarin Attack in the Tokyo Subway 3

History 4

Events 7

Situational Assessment Continuum 8

Patient Presentation 9

Event Conditions (Scene Evaluation and Size- up) 9

Scene Assessment (Hazard Identification) 9

Summary 10

2 Exposures 11

Introduction 11

Case Study - Derailment in South Carolina, a No- Notice Evacuation Event 11

Patient Presentation 12

The Toxidrome Exam 14

Respiratory System 14

Overview 14

Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology 16

External Respiratory System 16

Internal Respiratory System 19

Chemical and Physical Form of Respiratory Exposure 22

Gases, Vapors, and Fumes 22

Solid Particles 22

Aerosols/Mists 23

Concentration and Duration 23

Types of Injuries Resulting from Chemical Exposure 23

Chemically Induced Bronchiole Constriction 23

Atelectasis and Disruption of Surfactant 24

Chemically Induced Pulmonary Edema (Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema) 25

Chemical Sensitivity 26

Types of Chemicals that Injure the Respiratory System 26

Asphyxiants 26

Simple Asphyxiants 26

Chemical Asphyxiants 27

Irritants (Corrosives) 27

Respiratory System Injury Recognition (Assessment) and Diagnostics 27

Pulse Oximetry 27

Specific Oximetry Considerations When Assessing HazMat Exposures 28

Capnography 29

Masimo(TM)/Rainbow Technology 32

Cardiovascular Abnormalities Related to Exposure 33

Description 33

Vasogenic Shock 33

Hypovolemic Shock 33

Heart Failure 34

Neurological Abnormalities Related to Exposure 34

Central Nervous System (CNS) Exposure 34

CNS Depression 34

CNS Stimulation 35

Parasympathetic Nervous System 35

Parasympathetic Stimulation 35

Parasympathetic Depression 36

Integumentary System (Skin) 36

Skin Anatomy and Physiology 36

Structure 37

Function 38

Types of Chemical Injuries to the Skin 38

Chemical- Related Irritation 38

Chemical Skin Burns 39

Ocular Exposure and Injury 41

Eye Anatomy and Physiology 42

The Globe 42

The Ocular Surface 42

Assessment of Eye Injury After Exposure 43

Normal Eye Assessment 44

Chemical Eye Burns 45

Surface Toxins 46

Treatment of Eye Exposure 48

Specialized Eye Equipment 49

The Morgan Lens 49

Nasal Cannula for Eye Irrigation 51

Gastrointestinal Exposure to Toxic Materials 51

Absorbing Chemicals and Nutrients 51

Liver 51

Phase I and II Detoxification 52

Environmental Exposures 53

The Hot Environment - Hydration and Hyperthermia 53

Physiology 54

Absorption of Water 55

Acclimation 57

Metabolic Thermoregulation 58

Determining Severity of Heat 60

Effects of Heat in an Encapsulated Suit 60

Factors Contributing to Heat Emergencies/Injuries 62

Treatment 63

The Cold Environment 64

Exposure to Liquefied Gas and Cryogenics 64

Frostbite Injuries 65

Assessment 66

Treatment 67

Summary 67<