The global financial crisis which originated in the US sub-prime housing market has not altered the underlying reality of global housing finance: the majority of people in developing countries still do not have access to formal housing finance. Nor has it answered the biggest question: how can they be served in a sustainable way? Connecting this unserved group to appropriate housing finance products through robust financial systems must remain a top policy priority if these nations are to enjoy long term, broad-based economic growth. It is also a great opportunity for new and existing housing finance providers.
DAVID PORTEOUS, Director, Bankable Frontier Associates
Where property in the form of private homes is secure, people can focus on work rather than protecting their property. One of the major effects of the property rights reform driven by Hernando de Soto in Peru put more children into school. Why? Adults spent less time safeguarding their property and could search for and find better jobs. This enabled them to send their children to school. Houses are also important for those who start up businesses. The most practical source of finance beyond help from family and friends tends to be a mortgage on property. For a mortgage market to develop, banks have to be able to foreclose on property of those who cannot pay back. The obvious attractions of housing policy as a plank of social policy can also lead to policies that backfire, as the recent example of the United States shows. Housing finance is a major component of the fight against poverty. For property to yield all its benefits, institutional reforms are required - chief among them secure property rights for owners and enforceable creditor rights for financiers. Sensible regulations for zoning and construction also help. However, political pressure on banks to ignore the credit risk of home ownership or to cease foreclosures when things go wrong risks undermining sustainable housing finance.
MICHAEL KLEIN, Consultant, Former Chief Economist International Finance Corporation (IFC)
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