Keith E. Stanovich

How To Think Straight About Psychology (eBook, PDF)

Pearson New International Edition

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

For introductory psychology courses at two year or four year institutions. Also for specialty classes throughout the discipline that focus on critical thinking, science vs. pseudoscience, and discrimating valid research in the field.

Keith Stanovich'swidely usedand highly acclaimed book helps students become morediscriminating consumers of psychological information, helping them recognize pseudoscience and be able to distinguish it from true psychological research. Stanovich helps instructors teach critical thinking skills within the rich context of psychology. It is the leading text of its kind.

How to Think Straight About Psychology says about the discipline of psychology what many instructors would like to say but haven't found a way to. That is one reason adopters have called it "an instructor's dream text" and often comment "I wish I had written it. It tells my students just what I want them to hear about psychology".

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Pearson HigherEducation
• Seitenzahl: 224
• Altersempfehlung: ab 18 Jahre
• Erscheinungstermin: 28. August 2013
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781292036281
• Artikelnr.: 41940103

Autorenporträt

About our authors Keith E. Stanovich is currently Emeritus Professor of Applied Psychology and Human Development at the University of Toronto. He is the author of over 175 scientific articles and 8 books. Stanovich is the 2012 recipient of the E. L. Thorndike Career Achievement Award from the American Psychological Association and the recipient of the 2010 Grawemeyer Award in Education. In 2000 he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading. Stanovich is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Divisions 3, 7, 8 and 15) and the Association for Psychological Science.

Inhaltsangabe

1. Psychology Is Alive and Well (and Doing Fine Among the Sciences)
 
The Freud Problem
The Diversity of Modern Psychology
 Implications of Diversity
Unity in Science
What, Then, Is Science?
Systematic Empiricism
 Publicly Verifiable Knowledge: Replication and Peer Review
 Empirically Solvable Problems: Scientists’ Search for Testable Theories
Psychology and Folk Wisdom: The Problem with “Common Sense”
Psychology as a Young Science
Summary
 
 
2. Falsifiability: How to Foil Little Green Men in the Head
 
Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion
 The Theory of Knocking Rhythms
 Freud and Falsifiability
 The Little Green Men
 Not All Confirmations Are Equal
 Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom
 The Freedom to Admit a Mistake
 Thoughts Are Cheap
Errors in Science: Getting Closer to the Truth
Summary
 
 3. Operationism and Essentialism: “But, Doctor, What Does It Really Mean?”
 
Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists
 Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words
 Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events
 Reliability and Validity
 Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions
 Scientific Concepts Evolve
Operational Definitions in Psychology
 Operationism as a Humanizing Force
 Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology
 Operationism and the Phrasing of Psychological Questions
Summary
 
 
4. Testimonials and Case Study Evidence: Placebo Effects and the Amazing
Randi
 
The Place of the Case Study
Why Testimonials Are Worthless: Placebo Effects
The “Vividness” Problem
 The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case
 The Amazing Randi: Fighting Fire with Fire
Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience
Summary
 
 
5. Correlation and Causation: Birth Control by the Toaster Method
 
The Third-Variable Problem: Goldberger and Pellagra
 Why Goldberger’s Evidence Was Better
The Directionality Problem
Selection Bias
Summary
 
 
6. Getting Things Under Control: The Case of Clever Hans
 
Snow and Cholera
Comparison, Control, and Manipulation
 Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation Defines the True
Experiment
 The Importance of Control Groups
 The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse
 Clever Hans in the 1990s
 Prying Variables Apart: Special Conditions
 Intuitive Physics
 Intuitive Psychology
Summary
 
 
7. “But It’s Not Real Life!”: The “Artificiality” Criticism and Psychology
 
Why Natural Isn’t Always Necessary
 The “Random Sample” Confusion
 The Random Assignment Versus Random Sample Distinction
 Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications
Applications of Psychological Theory
 The “College Sophomore” Problem
 The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective
Summary
 
 
8. Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome: The Importance of Converging Evidence
 
The Connectivity Principle
 A Consumer’s Rule: Beware of Violations of Connectivity
 The “Great-Leap” Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model
Converging Evidence: Progress Despite Flaws
 Converging Evidence in Psychology
Scientific Conse