David Gourley

HTTP: The Definitive Guide (eBook, PDF)

The Definitive Guide

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Behind every web transaction lies the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) --- the language of web browsers and servers, of portals and search engines, of e-commerce and web services. Understanding HTTP is essential for practically all web-based programming, design, analysis, and administration.While the basics of HTTP are elegantly simple, the protocol's advanced features are notoriously confusing, because they knit together complex technologies and terminology from many disciplines. This book clearly explains HTTP and these interrelated core technologies, in twenty-one logically organized chapters, backed up by hundreds of detailed illustrations and examples, and convenient reference appendices. HTTP: The Definitive Guide explains everything people need to use HTTP efficiently -- including the "e;black arts"e; and "e;tricks of the trade"e; -- in a concise and readable manner.In addition to explaining the basic HTTP features, syntax and guidelines, this book clarifies related, but often misunderstood topics, such as: TCP connection management, web proxy and cache architectures, web robots and robots.txt files, Basic and Digest authentication, secure HTTP transactions, entity body processing, internationalized content, and traffic redirection.Many technical professionals will benefit from this book. Internet architects and developers who need to design and develop software, IT professionals who need to understand Internet architectural components and interactions, multimedia designers who need to publish and host multimedia, performance engineers who need to optimize web performance, technical marketing professionals who need a clear picture of core web architectures and protocols, as well as untold numbers of students and hobbyists will all benefit from the knowledge packed in this volume.There are many books that explain how to use the Web, but this is the one that explains how the Web works. Written by experts with years of design and implementation experience, this book is the definitive technical bible that describes the "e;why"e; and the "e;how"e; of HTTP and web core technologies. HTTP: The Definitive Guide is an essential reference that no technically-inclined member of the Internet community should be without.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: O'Reilly Media
• Seitenzahl: 656
• Erscheinungstermin: 27. September 2002
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780596519926
• Artikelnr.: 52991456

Autorenporträt

is the Chief Technology Officer of Endeca, where he leads the research and development of Endeca's knowledge navigation products. Prior to working at Endeca, David designed and developed core components of Inktomi's Internet-scale search database and was a senior developer of Inktomi's web caching products. David earned a B.A.in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley. was a member of Inktomi Corporation's founding engineering team, and served as Inktomi's Vice President of R&D where he co-developed Inktomi's search engine database, and led the development of Inktomi's web caching and streaming media technologies. Formerly, he was a scientist at Silicon Graphics and at Apple Computer's Advanced Technology Group. Brian Totty has received several awards for research and teaching excellence, and holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and a B.S. in Computer Science from M.I.T.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface
Running Example: Joe's Hardware Store
Chapter-by-Chapter Guide
Typographic Conventions
Comments and Questions
Acknowledgments
Part I: HTTP: The Web's Foundation
Chapter 1: Overview of HTTP
1.1 HTTP: The Internet's Multimedia Courier
1.2 Web Clients and Servers
1.3 Resources
1.4 Transactions
1.5 Messages
1.6 Connections
1.7 Protocol Versions
1.8 Architectural Components of the Web
1.9 The End of the Beginning
1.10 For More Information
Chapter 2: URLs and Resources
2.1 Navigating the Internet's Resources
2.2 URL Syntax
2.3 URL Shortcuts
2.4 Shady Characters
2.5 A Sea of Schemes
2.6 The Future
2.7 For More Information
Chapter 3: HTTP Messages
3.1 The Flow of Messages
3.2 The Parts of a Message
3.3 Methods
3.4 Status Codes
3.5 Headers
3.6 For More Information
Chapter 4: Connection Management
4.1 TCP Connections
4.2 TCP Performance Considerations
4.3 HTTP Connection Handling
4.4 Parallel Connections
4.5 Persistent Connections
4.6 Pipelined Connections
4.7 The Mysteries of Connection Close
4.8 For More Information
Part II: HTTP Architecture
Chapter 5: Web Servers
5.1 Web Servers Come in All Shapes and Sizes
5.2 A Minimal Perl Web Server
5.3 What Real Web Servers Do
5.4 Step 1: Accepting Client Connections
5.5 Step 2: Receiving Request Messages
5.6 Step 3: Processing Requests
5.7 Step 4: Mapping and Accessing Resources
5.8 Step 5: Building Responses
5.9 Step 6: Sending Responses
5.10 Step 7: Logging
5.11 For More Information
Chapter 6: Proxies
6.1 Web Intermediaries
6.2 Why Use Proxies?
6.3 Where Do Proxies Go?
6.4 Client Proxy Settings
6.5 Tricky Things About Proxy Requests
6.6 Tracing Messages
6.7 Proxy Authentication
6.8 Proxy Interoperation
6.9 For More Information
Chapter 7: Caching
7.1 Redundant Data Transfers
7.2 Bandwidth Bottlenecks
7.3 Flash Crowds
7.4 Distance Delays
7.5 Hits and Misses
7.6 Cache Topologies
7.7 Cache Processing Steps
7.8 Keeping Copies Fresh
7.9 Controlling Cachability
7.10 Setting Cache Controls
7.11 Detailed Algorithms
7.12 Caches and Advertising
7.13 For More Information
Chapter 8: Integration Points: Gateways, Tunnels, and Relays
8.1 Gateways
8.2 Protocol Gateways
8.3 Resource Gateways
8.4 Application Interfaces and Web Services
8.5 Tunnels
8.6 Relays
8.7 For More Information
Chapter 9: Web Robots
9.1 Crawlers and Crawling
9.2 Robotic HTTP
9.3 Misbehaving Robots
9.4 Excluding Robots
9.5 Robot Etiquette
9.6 Search Engines
9.7 For More Information
Chapter 10: HTTP-NG
10.1 HTTP's Growing Pains
10.2 HTTP-NG Activity
10.3 Modularize and Enhance
10.4 Distributed Objects
10.5 Layer 1: Messaging
10.6 Layer 2: Remote Invocation
10.7 Layer 3: Web Application
10.8 WebMUX
10.9 Binary Wire Protocol
10.10 Current Status
10.11 For More Information
Part III: Identification, Authorization, and Security
Chapter 11: Client Identification and Cookies
11.1 The Personal Touch
11.2 HTTP Headers
11.3 Client IP Address
11.4 User Login
11.5 Fat URLs
11.6 Cookies
11.7 For More Information
Chapter 12: Basic Authentication
12.1 Authentication
12.2 Basic Authentication
12.3 The Security Flaws of Basic Authentication
12.4 For More Information
Chapter 13: Digest Authentication
13.1 The Improvements of Digest Authentication
13.2 Digest Calculations
13.3 Quality of Protection Enhancements
13.4 Practical Considerations
13.5 Security Considerations
13.6 For More Information
Chapter 14: Secure HTTP
14.1 Making HTTP Safe
14.2 Digital Cryptography
14.3 Symmetric-Key Cryptography
14.4 Public-Key Cryptography
14.5 Digital Signatures
14.6 Digital Certificates
14.7 HTTPS: The Details
14.8 A Real HTTPS Client
14.9 Tunneling Secure Traffic Through Proxies
14.10 For More Information
Part IV: Entities, Encodings, and Internationalization
Chapter 15: Entities and Encodings
15.1 Messages Are Crates, Entities Are Cargo
15.2 Content-Length: The Entity's Size
15.3 Entity Digests
15.4 Media Type and Charset
15.5 Content Encoding
15.6 Transfer Encoding and Chunked Encoding
15.7 Time-Varying Instances
15.8 Validators and Freshness
15.9 Range Requests
15.10 Delta Encoding
15.11 For More Information
Chapter 16: Internationalization
16.1 HTTP Support for International Content
16.2 Character Sets and HTTP
16.3 Multilingual Character Encoding Primer
16.4 Language Tags and HTTP
16.5 Internationalized URIs
16.6 Other Considerations
16.7 For More Information
Chapter 17: Content Negotiation and Transcoding
17.1 Content-Negotiation Techniques
17.2 Client-Driven Negotiation
17.3 Server-Driven Negotiation
17.4 Transparent Negotiation
17.5 Transcoding
17.6 Next Steps
17.7 For More Information
Part V: Content Publishing and Distribution
Chapter 18: Web Hosting
18.1 Hosting Services
18.2 Virtual Hosting
18.3 Making Web Sites Reliable
18.4 Making Web Sites Fast
18.5 For More Information
Chapter 19: Publishing Systems
19.1 FrontPage Server Extensions for Publishing Support
19.2 WebDAV and Collaborative Authoring
19.3 For More Information
Chapter 20: Redirection and Load Balancing
20.1 Why Redirect?
20.2 Where to Redirect
20.3 Overview of Redirection Protocols
20.4 General Redirection Methods
20.5 Proxy Redirection Methods
20.6 Cache Redirection Methods
20.7 Internet Cache Protocol
20.8 Cache Array Routing Protocol
20.9 Hyper Text Caching Protocol
20.10 For More Information
Chapter 21: Logging and Usage Tracking
21.1 What to Log?
21.2 Log Formats
21.3 Hit Metering
21.4 A Word on Privacy
21.5 For More Information
Part VI: Appendixes
Appendix A: URI Schemes
Appendix B: HTTP Status Codes
B.1 Status Code Classifications
B.2 Status Codes
Appendix C: HTTP Header Reference
Appendix D: MIME Types
D.1 Background
D.2 MIME Type Structure
D.3 MIME Type IANA Registration
D.4 MIME Type Tables
Appendix E: Base-64 Encoding
E.1 Base-64 Encoding Makes Binary Data Safe
E.2 Eight Bits to Six Bits
E.3 Base-64 Padding
E.4 Perl Implementation
E.5 For More Information
Appendix F: Digest Authentication
F.1 Digest WWW-Authenticate Directives
F.2 Digest Authorization Directives
F.3 Digest Authentication-Info Directives
F.4 Reference Code
Appendix G: Language Tags
G.1 First Subtag Rules
G.2 Second Subtag Rules
G.3 IANA-Registered Language Tags
G.4 ISO 639 Language Codes
G.5 ISO 3166 Country Codes
G.6 Language Administrative Organizations
Appendix H: MIME Charset Registry
H.1 MIME Charset Registry
H.2 Preferred MIME Names
H.3 Registered Charsets
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