Robert Crichton

Iron Metabolism (eBook, PDF)

From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Iron is indispensable for the growth, development and well-being of almost all living organisms. Biological systems from bacteria, fungi and plants to humans have evolved systems for the uptake, utilisation, storage and homeostasis of iron. Its importance for microbial growth makes its uptake systems a natural target for pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. Uniquely, humans suffer from both iron deficiency and iron overload, while the capacity of iron to generate highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, is associated with a wide range of human pathologies, including many neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas some essential metal ions like copper and zinc are closely linked with iron metabolism, toxic metals like aluminium and cadmium can interfere with iron metabolism. Finally, iron metabolism and homeostasis are key targets for the development of new drugs for human health. The 4th edition of Iron Metabolism is written in a lively style by one of the leaders in the field, presented in colour and covers the latest discoveries in this exciting area. It will be essential reading for researchers and students in biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology, nutrition and medical sciences. Other interested groups include biological inorganic chemists with an interest in iron metabolism, health professionals with an interest in diseases of iron metabolism, or of diseases in which iron uptake systems are involved (eg. microbial and fungal infections, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders), and researchers in the pharmaceutical industry interested in developing novel drugs targeting iron metabolism/homeostasis.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 576
• Erscheinungstermin: 31. März 2016
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118925621
• Artikelnr.: 44872756

Autorenporträt

Professor Robert Crichton, Department of Biochemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium Professor Crichton has worked on cytochrome c in Glasgow, insect haemoglobins in Munich, ferritins and transferrins in Glasgow and Berlin, and on all these areas plus new developments in the understanding of iron-protein interactions in Louvain-la-Neuve. He is the author of Metal-Based Neurodegeneration.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xii

1 Solution Chemistry of Iron 1

1.1 Iron Chemistry 1

1.2 Interactions of Iron with Dioxygen and Chemistry of Oxygen Free Radicals 2

1.3 Hydrolysis of Iron Salts 5

1.4 Formation and Characterisation of Ferrihydrite 7

1.5 Ageing of Amorphous Ferrihydrite to more Crystalline Products 10

1.6 Biomineralisation 11

1.7 Magnetite Biomineralisation by Magnetotactic Bacteria 13

1.7.1 Biogenesis of the Magnetosome Membrane 15

1.7.2 Protein Sorting 15

1.7.3 Chain Formation 16

1.7.4 Biomineralisation 16

1.7.5 A Model for Magnetosome Formation 17

References 18

2 The Essential Role of Iron in Biology 22

2.1 Introduction: Iron an Essential Element in Biology 22

2.2 Physical Techniques for the Study of Iron in Biological Systems 25

2.3 Classes of Iron Proteins 29

2.4 Haemoproteins 29

2.4.1 Oxygen Carriers 30

2.4.2 Activators of Molecular Oxygen 34

2.4.3 Electron Transport Proteins 38

2.5 Iron-Sulphur Proteins 41

2.6 Non?]haem, Non?]Fe-S Proteins 48

2.6.1 Mononuclear Non?]haem Iron Enzymes 48

2.6.1.1 Extradiol?]cleaving Catechol Dioxygenases 49

2.6.1.2 Rieske Oxygenases 49

2.6.1.3 alpha?]Ketoglutarate?]dependent Enzymes 52

2.6.1.4 Pterin?]dependent Hydroxylases 54

2.6.1.5 Miscellaneous Enzymes 55

2.6.2 Dinuclear Non?]haem Iron Proteins 55

2.6.3 Proteins of Iron Storage, Transport and Metabolism 61

2.7 The Dark Side of Iron: Ros , Rns and Ntbi 62

2.7.1 ROS and RNS 63

2.7.2 NTBI and LPI 64

References 64

3 Microbial Iron Uptake 71

3.1 Introduction 71

3.2 Iron Uptake from Siderophores 74

3.2.1 Siderophores 74

3.2.2 Iron Transport across the Outer Membrane in Gram?]negative Bacteria 78

3.2.3 Transport across the Periplasm and Cytoplasmic Membrane in Gram?]negative Bacteria 86

3.2.4 Iron Uptake by Gram?]positive Bacteria 92

3.3 Fe2+ Transport Systems 93

3.4 Iron Release from Siderophores in the Cytoplasm 97

3.5 Intracellular Iron Metabolism 98

3.6 Control of Gene Expression by Iron 101

References 108

4 Iron Acquisition by Pathogens 120

4.1 Introduction 120

4.2 Host Defence Mechanisms, Nutritional Immunity 121

4.3 Pathogenicity and PAIs 123

4.4 Pathogen?]specific Iron Uptake Systems 125

4.4.1 Siderophores Associated with Virulence 125

4.4.2 Transferrin/lactoferrin Iron Uptake 126

4.4.3 Haem Iron Uptake 133

4.4.4 Ferrous Iron Uptake 138

4.4.5 Ferric Citrate Uptake by Bacillus cereus 141

4.5 Role of Fur and Fur Homologues in Virulence 141

4.6 Role of Pathogen Ecf Sigma Factors 141

4.7 Fungal Pathogens 143

References 146

5 Iron Uptake by Plants and Fungi 155

5.1 Iron Uptake by Plants 155

5.1.1 Introduction 155

5.1.2 Genome Sequencing 157

5.1.2.1 Quantitative Trait Loci 158

5.1.3 Iron Acquisition by the Roots of Plants 160

5.1.3.1 Non?]graminaceous Plants 161

5.1.3.2 Graminaceous Plants 164

5.1.4 Long?]distance Iron Transport 166

5.2 Iron Metabolism and Homeostasis in Plants 169

5.2.1 New Tools in Plant Research 169

5.2.2 Intracellular Iron Metabolism 170

5.2.3 Plant Iron Homeostasis 171

5.2.4 Diurnal Regulation of Iron Homeostasis 176

5.3 Iron Uptake, Metabolism