Julie Tetel Andresen, Phillip M. Carter

Languages In The World (eBook, ePUB)

How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

This innovative introduction outlines the structure and distribution of the world's languages, charting their evolution over the past 200,000 years. * Balances linguistic analysis with socio-historical and political context, offering a cohesive picture of the relationship between language and society * Provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the study of language by drawing not only on the diverse fields of linguistics (structural, linguist anthropology, historical, sociolinguistics), but also on history, biology, genetics, sociology, and more * Includes nine detailed language profiles on Kurdish, Arabic, Tibetan, Hawaiian, Vietnamese, Tamil, !Xóõ (Taa), Mongolian, and Quiché * A companion website offers a host of supplementary materials including, sound files, further exercises, and detailed introductory information for students new to linguistics

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 360
• Erscheinungstermin: 11. November 2015
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781118531150
• Artikelnr.: 44219824

Autorenporträt

Julie Tetel Andresen is Professor of English and former Chair of Linguistic at Duke University. A linguistic historiographer focusing on French, German, British, and American theories of language from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, she is the author of Linguistics and Evolution: A Developmental Approach (2013) and Linguistics in America 1769-1924: A Critical History (1996). Phillip M. Carter is Assistant Professor of English and Linguistics at Florida International University. Specializing in immigrant and ethnolinguistic minority communities in the Unites States, his work on the language varieties and cultural practices of U.S. Latinos has been published in leading journals, including Language in Society, English Worldwide, Journal of Sociolinguistics, American Speech, and Language in Linguistics Compass.

Inhaltsangabe

Map of the Languages of the World i
IPA Consonant and Vowel Charts ii
List of Images iii
List of Maps iv
Preface: To Our Readers iv
PART I. LINGUISTIC PRELIMINARIES: APPROACH AND THEORY
Introductory Note: On Language
Chapter One All Languages Were Once Spanglish
The Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas
1. What is Language?
2. How Many Languages are There?
3. How and When did Language Get Started?
4. The Structure of Spanglish
Final Note: The Encounter of Spanish and English on American Television
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Two The Language Loop
The Australian Walkabout
1. Introducing the Language Loop
2. Language and Cognition
3. Language, the World, and Culture
4. Language and Linguistic Structure
5. Language, Discourse, and Ideology
6. On Major and Minor Languages
Final Note: The Contingencies of Time, Place, and Biology
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Three Linguistics and Classification
The Role of Sanskrit in Philology
1. On Linguistics, Philology, Linguists, and Grammarians
2. Genetic Classification
3. Areal Classification
4. Typological Classification
5. Functional Classification
Final Note: The Role of Sanskrit in India Today
Exercises
Discussion Questions
PART II. EFFECTS OF POWER
Introductory Note: On Power
Chapter Four Effects of the Nation-State and the Possibility of Kurdistan
Lines Are Drawn in the Sand
1. The Status of Language on the Eve of the Nation-State
2. The Epistemology of the Nation-State
3. The French Revolution, German Romanticism, and Print Capitalism
4. Standardization and the Instilling of Vergonha
5. Language and Individual Identity
6. What's Race Got to do With It?
7. The Problematic Race-Nation-Language Triad: Three Case Studies
Final Note: The Kurds Today - Different Places, Different Outcomes
Language Profile: Kurdish
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Five The Development of Writing in the Litmus of Religion and Politics
The Story of the Qur'ân
1. The Magico-Religious Interpretations of the Origins of Writing
2. Steps Toward the Representation of Speech
3. Types of Writing Systems
4. Religion and the Spread of Writing
5. The Always Already Intervention of Politics
6. Orality and Literacy
Final Note: Azerbaijan Achieves Alphabetic Autonomy
Language Profile: Arabic
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Six Language Planning and Language Law: Shaping the Right to Speak
Melting Snow and Protests at the Top of the World
1. Language Academies: The First Enforcers
2. Another Look at Prescriptivism
3. Making Language Official: A Tale of Three Patterns
4. Language Policy and Education: A Similar Tale of Three Patterns
5. Language Planners and Language Police
Final Note: Choosing Death or Life
Language Profile: Tibetan
Exercises
Discussion Questions
PART III: EFFECTS OF MOVEMENT
Introductory Note: On Movement
Chapter Seven A Mobile History: Mapping Language Stocks and Families
Austronesian Origin Stories
1. Population Genetics and Links to Language
2. A Possible Polynesian Reconstruction
3. Linguistic Reconstructions Revisited
4. Proto-Indo-European and its Homeland
5. Other Language Stocks and Their Homelands
6. Models of Language Spread
7. Lost Tracks
Final Note: On Density and Diversity
Language Profile: Hawaiian
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Eight Colonial Consequences: Language Stocks and Families Remapped
Eiffel Towers in Vietnam
1. Time-Depths and Terminology
2. The Middle Kingdom: Government Encouraged Migrations
3. Linguistic Geography: Residual Zones and Spread Zones
4. Eurasian Empires: Persians, Mongols, Slavs, and Romans
5. Religions as Proto-Nations and Missionaries as Colonizers
6. English as an Emergent Language Family
Final Note: Creoles and the Case of Kreyòl Ayisyen
Language Profile: Vietnamese
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Nine Postcolonial Complications: Violent Outcomes
Tamil Tigers Create New Terrorist Techniques
1. What's in a Name? Burma/Myanmar
2. Modern Sudan: The Clash of Two Colonialisms
3. The Caucasian Quasi-States: Two Types of Conflict
4. Poland's Shifting Borders
5. Basque and the Terrorist ETA
6. The Zapatista Uprising and Indigenous Languages in Chiapas
Final Note: The Parsley Massacre
Language Profile: Tamil
Exercises
Discussion Questions
PART IV: EFFECTS OF TIME
Introductory Note: On Time
Chapter Ten The Remote Past: Language Becomes Embodied
Look there!
1. Seeking Linguistic Bedrock
2.The Primate Body and Human Adaptations to Language
3. Evolution in Four Dimensions
4. The Genetic Story
5. Grammatical Categories and Deep-Time Linguistics
6. Complexity and the Arrow of Time
Final Note: The Last Stone Age Man in North America
Language Profile: !Xóõ
Exercises
Discussions Questions
Chapter Eleven The Recorded Past: 'Catching up to Conditions' Made Visible
Mongolian Horses
1. Chapter Three. The Invariable Word in English
2. Chapter Four. The Shift to Head-Marking in French
3. Chapter Five. Writing and e-Arabic
4. Chapter Six. Mongolian Cases
5. Chapter Seven. Reformulating Hawaiian Identity
6. Chapter Eight. Varieties of Chinese: Yesterday and Today
7. Chapter Nine. Juba Arabic Pidgin, Nubi, and Other African Creoles
Final Note: Language Change in Progress
Language Profile: Mongolian
Exercises
Discussion Questions
Chapter Twelve The Imagined Future: Globalization and The Fate of Endangered Languages
Gold in the Mayan Highlands
1. Beyond the Nation-State: The Globalized New Economy
2. Money Talks: What Language Does it Speak?
3. When the Language Loop Unravels
4. Language Hotspots
5. Rethinking Endangerment
6. Technology to the Rescue
7. Anishinaabemowin Revitalization in Wisconsin
8. What Is Choice?
Final Note: Our Advocacies
Language Profile: Quich&##;
Discussion Questions
References
Subject Index
Language Index