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Retaining the conceptual framework of the first edition through emphasis of the dual themes of continuity and change, the second edition of Libya is revised and updated to include discussion of key developments since 2010.
Retaining the conceptual framework of the first edition through emphasis of the dual themes of continuity and change, the second edition of Libya is revised and updated to include discussion of key developments since 2010.
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Autorenporträt
Ronald Bruce St John is an independent scholar and consultant (Alhurra TV, Al Jazeera International, Associated Press, BBC World Service, CNN News, Department of State, National Intelligence Council, National Geographic Magazine, NBC News, New York Times, Washington Post, and a number of Fortune 500 companies). He served on the Atlantic Council Working Group on Libya and the International Advisory Board of the Journal of Libyan Studies and has published more than 350 books, articles, and reviews on Andean America, North Africa and the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Inhaltsangabe
1 Introduction 2 State Formation 3 Politics 4 Economics 5 International Relations 6 Conclusions
Preface to Third Edition Preface to Second Edition Preface to First Edition Maps and Illustrations Note on Transliteration Select Chronology of Libyan History 1 Early History Historical Setting Phoenician Settlements in Tripolitania Greek Influence in Cyrenaica Roman Influence in Libya Arab Invasions Fatimids (910–1171) Hilalian Invasion Almoravids, Almohads, and Hafsids in Tripolitania Medieval Cyrenaica and Fezzan Lasting Impressions 2 Ottoman Occupation, 1551–1911 First Ottoman Occupation (1551–1711) Karamanli Dynasty (1711–1835) Barbary Wars Second Ottoman Occupation (1835–1911) Sanusi Order Foreign Schemes and Initiatives Young Turk Revolution Transformation 3 Italian Colonial Era, 1911–43 Misplaced Optimism Early Resistance and Collaboration Nascent Political Movements Tripoli Republic, 1918–22 Riconquista, 1923–32 Italian Colonial Policy Jewish Community Impact of Italian Occupation 4 Struggle for Independence, 1943–51 Liberation and Occupation Wartime Discussions Great Power Gridlock Regional and Domestic Politics Collide American Strategic Interests United Nations Decides Arab Nationalism, Aid, and Base Rights Conflicting Interests 5 United Kingdom of Libya, 1951–69 Socioeconomic Inheritance Palace System of Power Alliance Politics Western Dependence Impact of Oil National Identity Rise of Arab Nationalism Monarchy in Perspective The End 6 One September Revolution, 1969–73 Young Revolutionaries Great Power Denouement Primacy of Oil Socioeconomic Change Freedom, Nationalism, and Unity Popular Revolution Third Universal Theory 7 Revolution on the Move, 1973–86 The Green Book Direct Popular Authority Rush to Socialism Hydrocarbon Policy Confrontation with the West Arab Disunity Third Circle Declining Influence Abroad Confined to the Libyan Playhouse 8 Consolidation and Reform, 1986–98 Revolution within the Revolution Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses Weapons of Mass Destruction Lockerbie European Relations Status Quo in Africa Turn to the Maghrib Rule of International Law Mounting Opposition 9 Libya Resurgent, 1998–2007 Out of Africa Looking East and West European Relations War on Terror Economic Reform Hydrocarbons, the Exception Social Conditions Political Developments Qaddafi’s Libya 10 A New Day Dawns, 2008–11 Socioeconomic Reform Political Reform Human Rights Africa Europe United States Arab Spring February 17 Revolution Military Events Political Developments End of the Beginning 11 Post-Qaddafi Libya General National Congress Elections Islamists Ascendant Constitutional Drafting Process Descent into Chaos Libyan Political Agreement Time for a Reset Europe United States Arab World Africa Who Lost Libya? Further Reading Notes Index
1 Introduction 2 State Formation 3 Politics 4 Economics 5 International Relations 6 Conclusions
Preface to Third Edition Preface to Second Edition Preface to First Edition Maps and Illustrations Note on Transliteration Select Chronology of Libyan History 1 Early History Historical Setting Phoenician Settlements in Tripolitania Greek Influence in Cyrenaica Roman Influence in Libya Arab Invasions Fatimids (910–1171) Hilalian Invasion Almoravids, Almohads, and Hafsids in Tripolitania Medieval Cyrenaica and Fezzan Lasting Impressions 2 Ottoman Occupation, 1551–1911 First Ottoman Occupation (1551–1711) Karamanli Dynasty (1711–1835) Barbary Wars Second Ottoman Occupation (1835–1911) Sanusi Order Foreign Schemes and Initiatives Young Turk Revolution Transformation 3 Italian Colonial Era, 1911–43 Misplaced Optimism Early Resistance and Collaboration Nascent Political Movements Tripoli Republic, 1918–22 Riconquista, 1923–32 Italian Colonial Policy Jewish Community Impact of Italian Occupation 4 Struggle for Independence, 1943–51 Liberation and Occupation Wartime Discussions Great Power Gridlock Regional and Domestic Politics Collide American Strategic Interests United Nations Decides Arab Nationalism, Aid, and Base Rights Conflicting Interests 5 United Kingdom of Libya, 1951–69 Socioeconomic Inheritance Palace System of Power Alliance Politics Western Dependence Impact of Oil National Identity Rise of Arab Nationalism Monarchy in Perspective The End 6 One September Revolution, 1969–73 Young Revolutionaries Great Power Denouement Primacy of Oil Socioeconomic Change Freedom, Nationalism, and Unity Popular Revolution Third Universal Theory 7 Revolution on the Move, 1973–86 The Green Book Direct Popular Authority Rush to Socialism Hydrocarbon Policy Confrontation with the West Arab Disunity Third Circle Declining Influence Abroad Confined to the Libyan Playhouse 8 Consolidation and Reform, 1986–98 Revolution within the Revolution Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses Weapons of Mass Destruction Lockerbie European Relations Status Quo in Africa Turn to the Maghrib Rule of International Law Mounting Opposition 9 Libya Resurgent, 1998–2007 Out of Africa Looking East and West European Relations War on Terror Economic Reform Hydrocarbons, the Exception Social Conditions Political Developments Qaddafi’s Libya 10 A New Day Dawns, 2008–11 Socioeconomic Reform Political Reform Human Rights Africa Europe United States Arab Spring February 17 Revolution Military Events Political Developments End of the Beginning 11 Post-Qaddafi Libya General National Congress Elections Islamists Ascendant Constitutional Drafting Process Descent into Chaos Libyan Political Agreement Time for a Reset Europe United States Arab World Africa Who Lost Libya? Further Reading Notes Index
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