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Militarization: A Reader offers a range of critical perspectives on the dynamics of militarization as a social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental phenomenon. It portrays militarism as the condition in which military values and frameworks come to dominate state structures and public culture both in foreign relations and in the domestic sphere. Featuring short, readable essays by anthropologists, historians, political scientists, cultural theorists, and media commentators, the Reader probes militarism's ideologies, including those that valorize warriors, armed conflict, and…mehr
Militarization: A Reader offers a range of critical perspectives on the dynamics of militarization as a social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental phenomenon. It portrays militarism as the condition in which military values and frameworks come to dominate state structures and public culture both in foreign relations and in the domestic sphere. Featuring short, readable essays by anthropologists, historians, political scientists, cultural theorists, and media commentators, the Reader probes militarism's ideologies, including those that valorize warriors, armed conflict, and weaponry. Outlining contemporary militarization processes at work around the world, the Reader offers a wide-ranging examination of a phenomenon that touches the lives of billions of people.In collaboration with Catherine Besteman, Andrew Bickford, Catherine Lutz, Katherine T. McCaffrey, Austin Miller, David H. Price, David Vine
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Autorenporträt
Roberto J. González is Professor of Anthropology at San Jose State University and author of Militarizing Culture: Essays on the Warfare State . Hugh Gusterson is Professor of International Affairs and Anthropology at George Washington University and author of Drone: Remote Control Warfare. Gustaaf Houtman is editor of Anthropology Today at the Royal Anthropological Institute, London.
Inhaltsangabe
Editors' Note xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction / Roberto J. González and Hugh Gusterson 1 Section I. Militarization and Political Economy Introduction / Catherine Lutz 27 1.1. The U.S. Imperial Triangle and Military Spending / John Bellamy Foster, Hannah Holleman, and Robert W. McChesney 29 1.2. Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 / Dwight D. Eisenhower 36 1.3. The Militarization of Sports and the Redefinition of Patriotism / William Astore 38 1.4. Violence, Just in Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa / Daniel Hoffman 42 1.5. Women, Economy, War / Carolyn Nordstrom 51 Section II. Military Labor 2.1. Soldiering as Work: The All-Volunteer Force in the United States / Beth Bailey 59 2.2. Sexing the Globe / Sealing Cheng 62 2.3. Military Monks / Michael Jerryson 67 2.4. Child Soldiers after War / Brandon Kohrt and Robert Koenig 71 2.5. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire / Paul H. Kratoska 73 2.6. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry / P. W. Singer 76 Section III. Gender and Militarism Introduction / Katherine T. McCaffery 83 3.1. Gender in Transition: Common Sense, Women, and War / Kimberly Theidon 85 3.2. The Compassionate Warrior: Wartime Sacrifice / Jean Bethke Elshtain 91 3.3. Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia / Lesley Gill 95 3.4. One of the Guys: Military Women and the Argentine Army / Máximo Badaró 101 Section IV. The Emotional Life of Militarism Introduction / Catherine Lutz 109 4.1. Militarization and the Madness of Everyday Life / Nancy Scheper-Hughes 111 4.2. Fear as a Way of Life / Linda Green 118 4.3. Evil, the Self, and Survival / Robert Jay Lifton (Interviewed by Harry Kreisler) 127 4.4. Target Audience: The Emotional Impact of U.S. Governmental Films on Nuclear Testing / Joseph Masco 130 Section V. Rhetorics of Militarism Introduction / Andrew Bickford 141 5.1. The Militarization of Cherry Blossoms / Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney 143 5.2. The "Old West" in the Middle East: U.S. Military Metaphors in Real and Imagined Indian Country / Stephen W. Silliman 148 5.3. Ideology, Culture, and the Cold War / Naoko Shidusawa 154 5.4. The Military Normal: Feeling at Home with Counterinsurgency in the United States / Catherine Lutz 157 5.5. Nuclear Orientalism / Hugh Gusterson 163 Section VI. Militarization, Place, and Territory Introduction / Roberto J. González 167 6.1. Making War at Home / Catherine Lutz 168 6.2. Spillover: The U.S. Military's Sociospatial Impact / Mark L. Gillen 175 6.3. Nuclear Landscapes: The Marshall Islands and Its Radioactive Legacy / Barbara Rose Johnston 181 6.4. The War on Terror, Dismantling, and the Construction of Place: An Ethnographic Perspective from Palestine / Julie Peteet 186 6.5. The Border Wall Is a Metaphor / Jason de León (Interviewed by Micheline Aharöian Marcom) 192 Section VII. Militarized Humanitarianism Introduction / Catherine Besteman 197 7.1. Laboratory of Intervention: The Humanitarian Governance of the Postcommunist Balkan Territories / Mariella Pandolfi 199 7.2. Armed for Humanity / Michael Barnett 203 7.3. The Passions of Protection: Sovereign Authority and Humanitarian War / Anne Orford 208 7.4. Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? / Mahmood Mamdani 212 7.5. Utopias of Power: From Human Security to the Presponsibility to Protect / Chowra Makaremi 218 Section VIII. Militarism and the Media Introduction / Hugh Gusterson 223 8.1. Pentagon Pundits / David Barstow (Interview by Amy Goodman) 224 8.2. Operation Hollywood / David L. Robb (Interviewed by Jeff Fleischer) 230 8.3. Discipline and Publish / Mark Pedelty 234 8.4. The Enola Gay on Display / John Whittier Treat 239 8.5. War Porn: Hollywood and War, from World War II to American Sniper / Peter van Buren 243 Section IX. Militarizing Knowledge Introduction / David H. Price 249 9.1. Boundary Displacement: The State, the Foundations, and International and Area Studies during and after the Cold War / Bruce Cumings 251 9.2. The Career of Cold War Psychology / Ellen Herman 254 9.3. Scientific Colonialism / Johan Galtung 259 9.4. Research ni Foreign Areas / Ralph L. Beals 265 9.5. Rethinking the Promise of Critical Education / Henry A. Giroux (Interviewed by Chronis Polychroniou) 270 Section X. Militarization and the Body Introduction / Roberto J. González 275 10.1. Nuclear War, the Gulf War, and the Disappearing Body / Hugh Gusterson 276 10.2. The Structure of War: The Juxtaposition of Injuried Bodies and Unanchored Issues / Elaine Scarry 283 10.3. The Enhanced Warfighter / Kenneth Ford and Clark Glymour 291 10.4. Suffering Child: An Embodiment of War and Its Aftermath in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua / James Quesada 296 Section XI. Militarism and Technology Introduction / Hugh Gusterson 303 11.1. Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword, 1543–1879 / Noel Perrin 305 11.2. Life Underground: Building the American Bunker Society / Joseph Masco 307 11.3. Militarizing Space / David H. Price 316 11.4. Embodiment and Affect in a Digital Age: Understanding Mental Illness among Military Drone Personnel / Alex Edney-Browne 319 11.5. Land Mines and Cluster Bombs: "Weapons of Mass Destruction in Slow Motion" / H. Patricia Hynes 324 11.6. Pledge of Non-Participation / Lisbeth Gronlund and David Wright 328 11.7. The Scientists' Call to Ban Autonomous Lethal Robots / International Committee for Robot Arms Control 329 Section XII. Alternatives to Militarization Introduction / David Vine 333 12.1. War Is Only an Invention—Not a Biological Necessity / Margaret Mead 336 12.2. Reflections on the Possibility of a Nonkilling Society and a Nonkilling Anthropology / Leslie E. Sponsel 339 12.3. U.S. Bases, Empire, and Global Response / Catherine Lutz 344 12.4. Down Here / Julian Aguon 347 12.5. War, Culture, and Counterinsurgency / Roberto J. González, Hugh Gusterson, and David H. Price 349 12.6. Hope in the Dark: Untold Stories, Wild Possibilities / Rebecca Solnit 350 References 355 Contributors 383 Index 389 Credits 403
Editors' Note xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction / Roberto J. González and Hugh Gusterson 1 Section I. Militarization and Political Economy Introduction / Catherine Lutz 27 1.1. The U.S. Imperial Triangle and Military Spending / John Bellamy Foster, Hannah Holleman, and Robert W. McChesney 29 1.2. Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 / Dwight D. Eisenhower 36 1.3. The Militarization of Sports and the Redefinition of Patriotism / William Astore 38 1.4. Violence, Just in Time: War and Work in Contemporary West Africa / Daniel Hoffman 42 1.5. Women, Economy, War / Carolyn Nordstrom 51 Section II. Military Labor 2.1. Soldiering as Work: The All-Volunteer Force in the United States / Beth Bailey 59 2.2. Sexing the Globe / Sealing Cheng 62 2.3. Military Monks / Michael Jerryson 67 2.4. Child Soldiers after War / Brandon Kohrt and Robert Koenig 71 2.5. Asian Labor in the Wartime Japanese Empire / Paul H. Kratoska 73 2.6. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry / P. W. Singer 76 Section III. Gender and Militarism Introduction / Katherine T. McCaffery 83 3.1. Gender in Transition: Common Sense, Women, and War / Kimberly Theidon 85 3.2. The Compassionate Warrior: Wartime Sacrifice / Jean Bethke Elshtain 91 3.3. Creating Citizens, Making Men: The Military and Masculinity in Bolivia / Lesley Gill 95 3.4. One of the Guys: Military Women and the Argentine Army / Máximo Badaró 101 Section IV. The Emotional Life of Militarism Introduction / Catherine Lutz 109 4.1. Militarization and the Madness of Everyday Life / Nancy Scheper-Hughes 111 4.2. Fear as a Way of Life / Linda Green 118 4.3. Evil, the Self, and Survival / Robert Jay Lifton (Interviewed by Harry Kreisler) 127 4.4. Target Audience: The Emotional Impact of U.S. Governmental Films on Nuclear Testing / Joseph Masco 130 Section V. Rhetorics of Militarism Introduction / Andrew Bickford 141 5.1. The Militarization of Cherry Blossoms / Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney 143 5.2. The "Old West" in the Middle East: U.S. Military Metaphors in Real and Imagined Indian Country / Stephen W. Silliman 148 5.3. Ideology, Culture, and the Cold War / Naoko Shidusawa 154 5.4. The Military Normal: Feeling at Home with Counterinsurgency in the United States / Catherine Lutz 157 5.5. Nuclear Orientalism / Hugh Gusterson 163 Section VI. Militarization, Place, and Territory Introduction / Roberto J. González 167 6.1. Making War at Home / Catherine Lutz 168 6.2. Spillover: The U.S. Military's Sociospatial Impact / Mark L. Gillen 175 6.3. Nuclear Landscapes: The Marshall Islands and Its Radioactive Legacy / Barbara Rose Johnston 181 6.4. The War on Terror, Dismantling, and the Construction of Place: An Ethnographic Perspective from Palestine / Julie Peteet 186 6.5. The Border Wall Is a Metaphor / Jason de León (Interviewed by Micheline Aharöian Marcom) 192 Section VII. Militarized Humanitarianism Introduction / Catherine Besteman 197 7.1. Laboratory of Intervention: The Humanitarian Governance of the Postcommunist Balkan Territories / Mariella Pandolfi 199 7.2. Armed for Humanity / Michael Barnett 203 7.3. The Passions of Protection: Sovereign Authority and Humanitarian War / Anne Orford 208 7.4. Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? / Mahmood Mamdani 212 7.5. Utopias of Power: From Human Security to the Presponsibility to Protect / Chowra Makaremi 218 Section VIII. Militarism and the Media Introduction / Hugh Gusterson 223 8.1. Pentagon Pundits / David Barstow (Interview by Amy Goodman) 224 8.2. Operation Hollywood / David L. Robb (Interviewed by Jeff Fleischer) 230 8.3. Discipline and Publish / Mark Pedelty 234 8.4. The Enola Gay on Display / John Whittier Treat 239 8.5. War Porn: Hollywood and War, from World War II to American Sniper / Peter van Buren 243 Section IX. Militarizing Knowledge Introduction / David H. Price 249 9.1. Boundary Displacement: The State, the Foundations, and International and Area Studies during and after the Cold War / Bruce Cumings 251 9.2. The Career of Cold War Psychology / Ellen Herman 254 9.3. Scientific Colonialism / Johan Galtung 259 9.4. Research ni Foreign Areas / Ralph L. Beals 265 9.5. Rethinking the Promise of Critical Education / Henry A. Giroux (Interviewed by Chronis Polychroniou) 270 Section X. Militarization and the Body Introduction / Roberto J. González 275 10.1. Nuclear War, the Gulf War, and the Disappearing Body / Hugh Gusterson 276 10.2. The Structure of War: The Juxtaposition of Injuried Bodies and Unanchored Issues / Elaine Scarry 283 10.3. The Enhanced Warfighter / Kenneth Ford and Clark Glymour 291 10.4. Suffering Child: An Embodiment of War and Its Aftermath in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua / James Quesada 296 Section XI. Militarism and Technology Introduction / Hugh Gusterson 303 11.1. Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword, 1543–1879 / Noel Perrin 305 11.2. Life Underground: Building the American Bunker Society / Joseph Masco 307 11.3. Militarizing Space / David H. Price 316 11.4. Embodiment and Affect in a Digital Age: Understanding Mental Illness among Military Drone Personnel / Alex Edney-Browne 319 11.5. Land Mines and Cluster Bombs: "Weapons of Mass Destruction in Slow Motion" / H. Patricia Hynes 324 11.6. Pledge of Non-Participation / Lisbeth Gronlund and David Wright 328 11.7. The Scientists' Call to Ban Autonomous Lethal Robots / International Committee for Robot Arms Control 329 Section XII. Alternatives to Militarization Introduction / David Vine 333 12.1. War Is Only an Invention—Not a Biological Necessity / Margaret Mead 336 12.2. Reflections on the Possibility of a Nonkilling Society and a Nonkilling Anthropology / Leslie E. Sponsel 339 12.3. U.S. Bases, Empire, and Global Response / Catherine Lutz 344 12.4. Down Here / Julian Aguon 347 12.5. War, Culture, and Counterinsurgency / Roberto J. González, Hugh Gusterson, and David H. Price 349 12.6. Hope in the Dark: Untold Stories, Wild Possibilities / Rebecca Solnit 350 References 355 Contributors 383 Index 389 Credits 403
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