Fujin Deng, Chengkai Liu, Zhe Chen

Modular Multilevel Converters (eBook, ePUB)

Control, Fault Detection, and Protection

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Modular Multilevel Converters Expert discussions of cutting-edge methods used in MMC control, protection, and fault detection In Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion of fault detection, protection, and tolerant control of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under internal and external faults. Beginning with a description of the configuration of MMCs, their operation principles, modulation schemes, mathematical models, and component design, the authors go on to explore output control, fault detection, capacitor monitoring, and other topics of central importance in the field. The book offers summaries of centralized capacitor voltage-balancing control methods and presents several capacitor monitoring methods, like the direct and sorting-based techniques. It also describes full-bridge and half-bridge submodule-based hybrid MMC protection methods and alternative fault blocking SM-based MMCs. Readers will also find: * A thorough introduction to modular multilevel converters, including circuits, operation principles, modulation, mathematical models, components, and design constraints * In-depth discussions of the control of modular multilevel converters, including output control, centralized capacitor voltage control, and individual capacitor voltage control * Comprehensive explorations of fault detection of MMCs under IGBT faults, including short-circuit and open-circuit faults, as well as fault-tolerant control of MMCs * Fulsome treatments of the control of MMCs under AC grid faults, including discussions of AC-side current control Perfect for electrical engineering researchers, Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, will also earn a place in the libraries of electrical engineers working in industry, as well as undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in MMCs.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: For Dummies
• Seitenzahl: 368
• Erscheinungstermin: 29. März 2023
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119875628
• Artikelnr.: 67738068

Autorenporträt

Fujin Deng, PhD, is a Professor and Head of the Department of Power Electronics at Southeast University, China. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE. Chengkai Liu, PhD, is a PhD student who studies coordinated fault diagnosis and fault tolerant operation for flexible direct current transmission systems at Southeast University, China. Zhe Chen, PhD, is a Professor and the leader of Wind Power System Research program at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark. He is a Fellow of IEEE, a Fellow of IET and a Chartered Engineer in the U.K.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Authors xiii

Preface xv

1 Modular Multilevel Converters 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 MMC Configuration 2

1.2.1 Converter Configuration 2

1.2.2 Submodule Configuration 2

1.3 Operation Principles 3

1.3.1 Submodule Normal Operation 3

1.3.2 Submodule Blocking Operation 5

1.3.3 Converter Operation 6

1.4 Modulation Scheme 8

1.4.1 Phase-Disposition PWM 9

1.4.2 Phase-Shifted PWM 10

1.4.3 Nearest Level Modulation 11

1.5 Mathematical Model 12

1.5.1 Submodule Mathematical Model 12

1.5.1.1 Switching-Function Based Model 13

1.5.1.2 Reference-Based Model 13

1.5.2 Arm Mathematical Model 14

1.5.2.1 Switching-Function Based Model 14

1.5.2.2 Reference-Based Model 15

1.5.3 Three-Phase MMC Mathematical Model 16

1.5.3.1 AC-Side Mathematical Model 17

1.5.3.2 DC-Side Mathematical Model 17

1.6 Design Constraints 18

1.6.1 Power Device Design 18

1.6.1.1 Rated Voltage of Power Devices 19

1.6.1.2 Rated Current of Power Devices 19

1.6.2 Capacitor Design 21

1.6.3 Arm Inductor Design 23

1.7 Faults Overview of MMCs 24

1.7.1 Internal Faults of MMCs 24

1.7.2 External Faults of MMCs 25

1.8 Summary 25

References 26

2 Control of MMCs 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Overall Control of MMCs 30

2.3 Output Control of MMCs 31

2.3.1 Current Control 31

2.3.2 Power and DC-Link Voltage Control 33

2.3.3 Grid Forming Control 36

2.4 Centralized Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control 38

2.4.1 On-State SMs Number Based VBC 39

2.4.2 Balancing Adjusting Number Based VBC 39

2.4.2.1 Capacitor VBC 40

2.4.2.2 SM Switching Frequency 40

2.4.3 IPSC-PWM Harmonic Current Based VBC 42

2.4.3.1 IPSC-PWM Scheme 42

2.4.3.2 High-Frequency Arm Current 43

2.4.3.3 Arm Capacitor Voltage Analysis 46

2.4.3.4 Voltage Balancing Control 47

2.4.4 SHE-PWM Pulse Energy Sorting Based VBC 53

2.4.4.1 MMCs Analysis with Grid-Frequency Pulses 53

2.4.4.2 Charge Transfer of Capacitors in Lower Arm 56

2.4.4.3 Charge Transfer of Capacitors in Upper Arm 57

2.4.4.4 Voltage Balancing Control 59

2.4.5 PSC-PWM Pulse Energy Sorting Based VBC 65

2.4.5.1 MMC with PSC-PWM 65

2.4.5.2 Capacitor Charge Transfer Under Linearization Method 67

2.4.5.3 Capacitor Voltage Analysis 70

2.4.5.4 Voltage Balancing Control 72

2.5 Individual Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control 79

2.5.1 Average and Balancing Control Based VBC 79

2.5.1.1 Average Control 80

2.5.1.2 Balancing Control 80

2.5.2 Reference Modulation Index Based VBC 81

2.5.2.1 Analysis of Capacitor Voltage 82

2.5.2.2 Control of i cdc by modulation Index m 83

2.5.2.3 Voltage Balancing Control by m 84

2.5.3 Reference Phase Angle Based VBC 86

2.5.3.1 Control of i cdc by Phase Angle theta 86

2.5.3.2 Voltage Balancing Control by theta 87

2.6 Circulating Current Control 94

2.6.1 Proportional Integration Control 95

2.6.2 Multiple Proportional Resonant Control 97

2.6.3 Repetitive Control 98

2.7 Summary 100

References 100

3 Fault Detection of MMCs under IGBT Faults 103

3.1 Introduction 103

3.2 IGBT Faults 104

3.2.1 IGBT Short- Circu