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This second edition of the well-established bestseller is completely updated and revised with approximately 30 % additional material, including two new chapters on applications, which has seen the most signifi cant developments. The comprehensive overview written at an introductory level covers fundamental aspects, principles of instrumentation and practical applications, while providing many valuable tips. For photochemists and photophysicists, physical chemists, molecular physicists, biophysicists, biochemists and biologists, lecturers and students of chemistry, physics, and biology.
This second edition of the well-established bestseller is completely updated and revised with approximately 30 % additional material, including two new chapters on applications, which has seen the most signifi cant developments. The comprehensive overview written at an introductory level covers fundamental aspects, principles of instrumentation and practical applications, while providing many valuable tips. For photochemists and photophysicists, physical chemists, molecular physicists, biophysicists, biochemists and biologists, lecturers and students of chemistry, physics, and biology.
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Bernard Valeur received his engineering diploma from the École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de Paris (E.S.P.C.I.) and his PhD degree from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (Paris, France), followed by postdoctoral research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA). After being an associate professor at E.S.P.C.I, he became full professor of physical chemistry at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Paris) in 1979, where he is emeritus professor since 2008. Professor Valeur is a member of the laboratory Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires at the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan since 1996. From 1995 to 2000 he served as an elected member of the French Comité National de la Recherche Scientifique. He is the winner of the 2012 Gregorio Weber Award for Excellence in Fluorescence Theory and Applications and author of over 170 articles or book chapters, five books, and the editor of one book. In addition, he is a member of several editorial boards. Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos graduated in chemical engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal). After a brief stay at the National Research Council of Canada (Ottawa), he received his PhD in chemistry from IST in 1989. He was a post-doctoral fellow with Bernard Valeur at Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Paris, France), and at Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique (Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, France). He is full professor of Physical Chemistry at IST, and was invited full professor at the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan (France). He is a member of several editorial advisory boards and is president of the Portuguese Chemical Society (2010 - 2012). He has authored over 180 publications, including 150 papers in scientific journals, several book chapters, and was the editor of one book.
Inhaltsangabe
INTRODUCTION What Is Luminescence? A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Photoluminescence of Organic and Inorganic Species: Fluorescence or Phosphorescence? Various De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Fluorescent Probes, Indicators, Labels, and Tracers Ultimate Temporal and Spatial Resolution: Femtoseconds, Femtoliters, Femtomoles, and Single-Molecule Detection PART I: PRINCIPLES ABSORPTION OF ULTRAVIOLET, VISIBLE, AND NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION Electronic Transitions Transition Probabilities: The Beer - Lambert Law, Oscillator Strength Selection Rules The Franck - Condon Principle Multiphoton Absorption and Harmonic Generation CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Radiative and Nonradiative Transitions between Electronic States Lifetimes and Quantum Yields Emission and Excitation Spectra STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Effects of the Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules on Their Fluorescence Fluorescence of Conjugated Polymers (CPs) Luminescence of Carbon Nanostructures: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Dots Luminescence of Metal Compounds, Metal Complexes, and Metal Clusters Luminescence of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots and Quantum Rods) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Band Broadening - Red-Edge Effects General Considerations on Solvent Effects Solvent Relaxation Subsequent to Photoinduced Charge Transfer (PCT) Theory of Solvatochromic Shifts Effects of Specific Interactions Empirical Scales of Solvent Polarity Viscosity Effects Fluorescence in Gas Phase: Supersonic Jets EFFECTS OF INTERMOLECULAR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Introduction Overview of the Intermolecular De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Leading to Fluorescence Quenching Photoinduced Electron Transfer Formation of Excimers and Exciplexes Photoinduced Proton Transfer FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION: EMISSION ANISOTROPY Polarized Light and Photoselection of Absorbing Molecules Characterization of the Polarization State of Fluorescence (Polarization Ratio and Emission Anisotropy) Instantaneous and Steady-State Anisotropy Additivity Law of Anisotropy Relation between Emission Anisotropy and Angular Distribution of the Emission Transition Moments Case of Motionless Molecules with Random Orientation Effect of Rotational Motion Applications EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER Introduction Distinction between Radiative and Nonradiative Transfer Radiative Energy Transfer Nonradiative Energy Transfer Determination of Distances at a Supramolecular Level Using FRET FRET in Ensembles of Donors and Acceptors FRET between Like Molecules: Excitation Energy Migration in Assemblies of Chromophores Overview of Qualitative and Quantitative Applications of FRET PART II: TECHNIQUES STEADY-STATE SPECTROFL UOROMETRY Operating Principles of a Spectrofl uorometer Correction of Excitation Spectra Correction of Emission Spectra Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yields Possible Artifacts in Spectrofl uorometry Measurement of Steady-State Emission Anisotropy: Polarization Spectra TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES Basic Equations of Pulse and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetries Pulse Fluorimetry Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry Artifacts in Time-Resolved Fluorimetry Data Analysis Lifetime Standards Time-Resolved Polarization Measurements Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra Lifetime-Based Decomposition of Spectra Comparison between Single-Photon Timing Fluorimetry and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY Wide-Field (Conventional), Confocal, and Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopies Super-Resolution (Subdiffraction) Techniques Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) Applications FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY AND SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy PART III: APPLICATIONS EVALUATION OF LOCAL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT PROBES Fluorescent Probes for Polarity Estimation of 'Microviscosity', Fluidity, and Molecular Mobility Temperature Pressure CHEMICAL SENSING VIA FLUORESCENCE Introduction Various Approaches of Fluorescence Sensing Fluorescent pH Indicators 412 Transfer (PET) Design Principles of Fluorescent Molecular Sensors Based on Ion or Molecule Recognition Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Metal Ions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Anions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Neutral Molecules Fluorescence Sensing of Gases Sensing Devices Remote Sensing by Fluorescence LIDAR AUTOFL UORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE LABELING IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Introduction Natural (Intrinsic) Chromophores and Fluorophores Fluorescent Proteins (FPs) Fluorescent Small Molecules Quantum Dots and Other Luminescent Nanoparticles Conclusion MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS Fluorescent Whitening Agents Fluorescent Nondestructive Testing Food Science Forensics Counterfeit Detection Fluorescence in Art APPENDIX: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INDEX
INTRODUCTION What Is Luminescence? A Brief History of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Photoluminescence of Organic and Inorganic Species: Fluorescence or Phosphorescence? Various De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Fluorescent Probes, Indicators, Labels, and Tracers Ultimate Temporal and Spatial Resolution: Femtoseconds, Femtoliters, Femtomoles, and Single-Molecule Detection PART I: PRINCIPLES ABSORPTION OF ULTRAVIOLET, VISIBLE, AND NEAR-INFRARED RADIATION Electronic Transitions Transition Probabilities: The Beer - Lambert Law, Oscillator Strength Selection Rules The Franck - Condon Principle Multiphoton Absorption and Harmonic Generation CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Radiative and Nonradiative Transitions between Electronic States Lifetimes and Quantum Yields Emission and Excitation Spectra STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Effects of the Molecular Structure of Organic Molecules on Their Fluorescence Fluorescence of Conjugated Polymers (CPs) Luminescence of Carbon Nanostructures: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Dots Luminescence of Metal Compounds, Metal Complexes, and Metal Clusters Luminescence of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Quantum Dots and Quantum Rods) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Band Broadening - Red-Edge Effects General Considerations on Solvent Effects Solvent Relaxation Subsequent to Photoinduced Charge Transfer (PCT) Theory of Solvatochromic Shifts Effects of Specific Interactions Empirical Scales of Solvent Polarity Viscosity Effects Fluorescence in Gas Phase: Supersonic Jets EFFECTS OF INTERMOLECULAR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES ON FLUORESCENCE EMISSION Introduction Overview of the Intermolecular De-Excitation Processes of Excited Molecules Leading to Fluorescence Quenching Photoinduced Electron Transfer Formation of Excimers and Exciplexes Photoinduced Proton Transfer FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION: EMISSION ANISOTROPY Polarized Light and Photoselection of Absorbing Molecules Characterization of the Polarization State of Fluorescence (Polarization Ratio and Emission Anisotropy) Instantaneous and Steady-State Anisotropy Additivity Law of Anisotropy Relation between Emission Anisotropy and Angular Distribution of the Emission Transition Moments Case of Motionless Molecules with Random Orientation Effect of Rotational Motion Applications EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER Introduction Distinction between Radiative and Nonradiative Transfer Radiative Energy Transfer Nonradiative Energy Transfer Determination of Distances at a Supramolecular Level Using FRET FRET in Ensembles of Donors and Acceptors FRET between Like Molecules: Excitation Energy Migration in Assemblies of Chromophores Overview of Qualitative and Quantitative Applications of FRET PART II: TECHNIQUES STEADY-STATE SPECTROFL UOROMETRY Operating Principles of a Spectrofl uorometer Correction of Excitation Spectra Correction of Emission Spectra Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yields Possible Artifacts in Spectrofl uorometry Measurement of Steady-State Emission Anisotropy: Polarization Spectra TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES Basic Equations of Pulse and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetries Pulse Fluorimetry Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry Artifacts in Time-Resolved Fluorimetry Data Analysis Lifetime Standards Time-Resolved Polarization Measurements Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra Lifetime-Based Decomposition of Spectra Comparison between Single-Photon Timing Fluorimetry and Phase-Modulation Fluorimetry FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY Wide-Field (Conventional), Confocal, and Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopies Super-Resolution (Subdiffraction) Techniques Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) Applications FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY AND SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy PART III: APPLICATIONS EVALUATION OF LOCAL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT PROBES Fluorescent Probes for Polarity Estimation of 'Microviscosity', Fluidity, and Molecular Mobility Temperature Pressure CHEMICAL SENSING VIA FLUORESCENCE Introduction Various Approaches of Fluorescence Sensing Fluorescent pH Indicators 412 Transfer (PET) Design Principles of Fluorescent Molecular Sensors Based on Ion or Molecule Recognition Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Metal Ions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Anions Fluorescent Molecular Sensors of Neutral Molecules Fluorescence Sensing of Gases Sensing Devices Remote Sensing by Fluorescence LIDAR AUTOFL UORESCENCE AND FLUORESCENCE LABELING IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Introduction Natural (Intrinsic) Chromophores and Fluorophores Fluorescent Proteins (FPs) Fluorescent Small Molecules Quantum Dots and Other Luminescent Nanoparticles Conclusion MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS Fluorescent Whitening Agents Fluorescent Nondestructive Testing Food Science Forensics Counterfeit Detection Fluorescence in Art APPENDIX: CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INDEX
Rezensionen
"The strength of the book lies in its clear and understandable presentation, and in the thoroughness of the descriptions of fluorescence applications, enabling one to quickly appreciate the many questions and problems in the field of fluorescence. Molecular Fluorescence is more a textbook than a monograph, and therefore it is of special interest for students and beginners in the field, and be recommended." - Angewandte Chemie (international edition), 2002; Vol. 41 No. 16
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