Molecular Tools for the Detection and Quantification of Toxigenic Cyanobacteria (eBook, ePUB)

Redaktion: Kurmayer, Rainer; Salmaso, Nico; Wilmotte, Annick; Sivonen, Kaarina

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

A guide to state-of-the-art molecular tools for monitoring and managing the toxigenicity of cyanobacteria Runaway eutrophication and climate change has made the monitoring and management of toxigenic organisms in the world's bodies of water more urgent than ever. In order to influence public policy regarding the detection and quantification of those organisms, it is incumbent upon scientists to raise the awareness of policy makers concerning the increased occurrence of toxigenic cyanobacteria and the threats they pose. As molecular methods can handle many samples in short time and help identify toxigenic organisms, they are reliable, cost-effective tools available for tracking toxigenic cyanobacteria worldwide. This volume arms scientists with the tools they need to track toxigenicity in surface waters and food supplies and, hopefully, to develop new techniques for managing the spread of toxic cyanobacteria. This handbook offers the first comprehensive treatment of molecular tools for monitoring toxigenic cyanobacteria. Growing out of the findings of the landmark European Cooperation in Science and Technology Cyanobacteria project (CYANOCOST), it provides detailed, practical coverage of the full array of available molecular tools and protocols, from water sampling, nucleic acid extraction, and downstream analysis--including PCR and qPCR based methods--to genotyping (DGGE), diagnostic microarrays, and community characterization using next-gen sequencing techniques. * Offers an overview of the latest trends in the field, while providing a foundation for understanding and applying the tools and techniques described * Provides detailed coverage of the full range of molecular tools currently available, with expert guidance on the analysis and interpretation of results * Includes step-by-step guidance on standard operational procedures, including molecular tests used in environmental monitoring, with individual chapters devoted to each procedure * Complements the published Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis from the CyanoCOST project This handbook is an indispensable working resource for scientists, lab technicians, and water management professionals and an excellent text/reference for graduate students and supervisors who use molecular tools. It will also be of great value to environmental health and protection officials and policy makers.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 440
• Erscheinungstermin: 29. Juni 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119332145
• Artikelnr.: 52556813

Autorenporträt

EDITED BY RAINER KURMAYER, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Limnology, Mondsee, Austria. KAARINA SIVONEN, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Helsinki, Finland. ANNICK WILMOTTE, PhD, is a FRS-FNRS Research Associate at InBios - Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Belgium. NICO SALMASO, PhD, is Head of the Hydrobiology Unit of the Istituto Agrario di S. Michele All'Adige, Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Trento, Italy.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Contributors xix

About the Editors xxiii

About the Book xxvii

Preface xxix

Acknowledgments xxxi

1 Introduction 1
Rainer Kurmayer, Kaarina Sivonen, and Nico Salmaso

1.1 A Brief Historical Overview 1

1.2 The Genetic Basis of Toxin Production 2

1.2.1 Microcystin and Nodularin 2

1.2.2 Cylindrospermopsin 5

1.2.3 Saxitoxin 6

1.2.4 Anatoxin 8

1.3 Application of Molecular Tools 8

1.4 Laboratory Safety Issues 13

1.5 References 14

2 Sampling and Metadata 19
Rainer Kurmayer, Guntram Christiansen, Konstantinos Kormas, Wim Vyverman, Elie Verleyen, Vitor Ramos, Vitor Vasconcelos, and Nico Salmaso

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Handling of Samples 20

2.3 Sample Contamination 21

2.4 Sampling 21

2.4.1 Quantitative Depth-Integrated and Discrete Sampling 21

2.4.2 Qualitative Plankton Net Sampling 22

2.4.3 Surface (Scum Material) Sampling 22

2.4.4 Benthic (Terrestrial) Cyanobacteria Sampling 22

2.4.5 Food Supplement Sampling 22

2.4.6 Isolation of Single Colonies/Filaments 22

2.5 Subsampling Food Supplement Samples 23

2.6 Sampling of Nucleic Acids 23

2.7 General Conclusions 24

2.8 References 24

SOP 2.1 Sampling and Filtration (DNA) 26
Rainer Kurmayer and Konstantinos Kormas

SOP 2.1.1 Introduction 26

SOP 2.1.2 Experimental 26

SOP 2.1.3 Procedure 27

SOP 2.1.4 Notes 28

SOP 2.1.5 References 29

SOP 2.2 Sampling of Benthic Cyanobacteria 29
Wim Vyverman and Elie Verleyen

SOP 2.2.1 Introduction 29

SOP 2.2.2 Experimental 30

SOP 2.2.3 Procedure 30

SOP 2.2.4 Notes 31

SOP 2.2.5 References 31

SOP 2.3 Isolation of Single Cyanobacteria Colonies/Filaments 32

Rainer Kurmayer

SOP 2.3.1 Introduction 32

SOP 2.3.2 Experimental 32

SOP 2.3.3 Procedure 33

SOP 2.3.4 Notes 33

SOP 2.3.5 References 33

SOP 2.4 Sampling Food Supplements 34
Vitor Ramos, Cristiana Moreira, and Vitor Vasconcelos

SOP 2.4.1 Introduction 34

SOP 2.4.2 Experimental 35

SOP 2.4.3 Procedure (Fig. 8.3) 35

SOP 2.4.4 Notes 36

SOP 2.4.5 References 36

SOP 2.5 Sampling and Filtration (RNA) 37
Rainer Kurmayer and Guntram Christiansen

SOP 2.5.1 Introduction 37

SOP 2.5.2 Experimental 37

SOP 2.5.3 Procedure 38

SOP 2.5.4 Notes 38

SOP 2.5.5 References 38

SOP 2.6 Sampling of Abiotic and Biotic Data and Recording Metadata 39
Elie Verleyen, Maxime Sweetlove, Dagmar Obbels, and Wim Vyverman

SOP 2.6.1 Introduction 39

SOP 2.6.2 Experimental 39

SOP 2.6.3 Type of Metadata and Additional Biotic and Abiotic Data 40

SOP 2.6.4 Notes 41

SOP 2.6.5 References 42

3 Isolation, Purification, and Cultivation of Toxigenic Cyanobacteria 43
Sigrid Haande, Iwona Jasser, Muriel Gugger, Camilla H.C. Hagman, Annick Wilmotte, and Andreas Ballot

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Methodical Principles for Cyanobacterial Isolation, Purification, and Cultivation 44

3.2.1 Sampling, Identification, and Treatments Prior to the Isolation of Cyanobacteria 44

3.2.2 Traditional Techniques for the Isolation and Purification of Cyanobacteria 45

3.2.3 Culture Media Preparation 47

3.2.4 Cultivation Conditions 48

3.3 General Conclusions 49

3.4 References 49

SOP 3.1 Isolation