Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound (eBook, PDF)

Sea Surface Sound (2)
Redaktion: Kerman, B. R.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms. A meeting in Lerici, Italy in 1987 was convened within the NATO Advanced Research Workshop series, to bring together underwater acousticians and ocean hydrodynamicists to examine various mechanisms which generate sound naturally at the ocean surface. A record of that meeting was published in the NATO scientific publication series in 1988 under the title 'Sea Surface Sound'. That meeting was successful in inspiring and co ordinating both participants and non-attending colleagues to examine some key issues which were raised during the course of presentations and discussions. The understanding among those present was that another meeting should be convened 3 years hence to report and review progress in the subject. Accordingly the second conference was convened in Cambridge in 1990, whose proceedings are presented here. This volume represents a very gratifying increase in only a 3 year interval in our understanding of a number of physical processes which generate sound at the peripheries of oceans. In fact it represents both the acceleration of singular effort as well as the development of interdisciplinary sophistication and co-operation. The enthusiasm, goodwill, and intense scientific curiosity which characterized the Lerici meeting carried through to Cambridge. The collegial atmosphere established by the participants was perfectly timed to foster another major advance in studies of ocean surface sound.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Netherlands
• Seitenzahl: 750
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9789401116268
• Artikelnr.: 44181440

Inhaltsangabe

Ambient Noise.- Ocean Acoustic Propagation and Ambient Noise in a Surface Duct.- Low Frequency Ambient Noise - Generalised Spectra.- Dependence of Sea Surface Noise in Narrow Beams on Windspeed and Vertical Angle.- The Measurement of Underwater Noise Characteristics in Shallow Water.- The Investigation of Underwater Noise Sources by Emission Acoustic Tomography.- Is Sea Surface Ambient Noise Correlated to Wind Turbulence?.- Ambient Sound as a Probe of Ocean Surface Processes.- A Review of Environmental Measurements Taken During Ambient Noise Experiments.- The Properties of the Vertical and Horizontal Power Flows of the Underwater Ambient Noise.- The Perceived Source Directivity of Surface-Generated Ambient Noise.- Low Frequency Noise Measurements in an Ambient Environment Dominated by Natural Sources of Sound.- The Effect of Monomolecular Films on Low Sea State Ambient Noise.- VLF/Seismo-Acoustics.- Depth Dependence and Some Anomalous Effects of Noise from Surface Wave Interaction.- Deep-Water Sea-Floor Array Observations of Seismo-Acoustic Noise in the Eastern Pacific and Comparisons with Wind and Swell.- Obseivations of the Near-Field Double Frequency Pressure Spectrum in the Upper Ocean Using the Cartesian Diver Profiling Instrument.- An Analysis of the ULF Acoustic Noise Field in the Ocean.- Observations and Causes of Ocean and Seafloor Noise at Ultra-Low and Very-Low Frequencies.- Very Low Frequency Sound Studied Using Multi-Element Seafloor Arrays.- Air-Water Turbulence.- Generation of a Low Frequency Acoustical Noise in the Layered Ocean by the Surface Sources.- The Theory of Low-Frequency Noise Generated by Turbulence Near The Atmosphere-Ocean Interface.- Bursting Phenomena in the Turbulent Boundary Layer Beneath the Laboratory Wind-Wave Surface.- Bubbles -LF Source and Scattering.- Low Frequency Noise from Breaking Waves.- The Influence of a Subsurface Bubble Layer on Wind Ambient Noise Generation.- Near Surface Sound Mechanisms.- Modelling Low-Frequency Bubble Plume Scattering.- Near Sea Surface Bubble Cloud Oscillation as Potential Sources of Ambient Noise.- Backscatter from Near-Surface Bubble Clouds.- Nonlinear Sound Scattering From Subsurface Bubble Layers.- Collective Oscillations in a Bubble Column.- Bubbles - HF Source and Scattering.- The Lifetimes, Velocities and Probable Origin of Sonic and Ultrasonic Noise Sources on the Sea Surface.- Bubble Pulsations Excited by Nonlinear Interactions of Surface Modes.- The Production of High-Frequency Ambient Noise by Capillary Waves.- Bubble Noise Mechanisms - A Review.- Bubble Sizing by the Nonlinear Scattering of Two Acoustic Frequencies.- Bubbles - Breaking Waves.- Fractal Geometry and Sound Generation of a Wind-Swept Sea.- Bubbles, Noise and Breaking Waves: A Review of Laboratory Experiments.- Occurrence and Evolution of Acoustically Relevant Sub-Surface Bubble Plumes and Their Associated, Remotely Monitorable, Surface Whitecaps.- Bubble Plumes and Turbulence.- ICE.- The Learning Behaviour of Sea Ice.- Source Mechanisms for Arctic Ocean Ambient Noise.- Vertical Directivity Measurements of Ice Cracking.- Spatial Variation in Ambient Sound Level Within Ice Edge Eddies.- Aspects of the Mechanics and Modelling of Thermally-Induced Stresses in Arctic Pack Ice as Related to Under-Ice Ambient Noise.- Sea Ice Constitutive Behaviour and Under-Ice Noise.- Wave Induced Noise Generation in the Marginal Ice Zone.- Predictions and Measurements of the Directivity of a Monopole Source in a Floating Ice Plate.- Acoustic Radiation Beneath the Arctic Ice Cover.- Rain.- Impact andBubble Radiation from Obliquely Incident Raindrops.- An Explanation of the Sound Generated by Light Rain in the Presence of Wind.- Drop Impact and the Underwater Noise of Rain.- Sources of Underwater Rain Noise.- Other Mechanisms.- Noise in the Ocean Caused by Lightning Strokes.- On Cosmic Radiation Possible Contribution in Dead Calm High Frequency Ocean Noise Formation.- Seabed Saltation Noise.