Maurice Renard authored an archetypal mad-scientist novel "Le Docteur Lerne - Sous-Dieu" [Dr. Lerne - Undergod] (1908), then translated in 1923,. into English as "New Bodies For Old," which he dedicated to H. G. Wells. In it, a Doctor Moreau-like mad scientist performs organ transplants not only between men and animals, but also between plants and even machines.