Vladimir Polushkin

Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS WITH QUANTUM CRYOGENIC DETECTORS An ideal, comprehensive reference on quantum cryogenic detector instrumentation for the semiconductor and nuclear electronics industries Quantum nuclear electronics is an important scientific and technological field that overviews the development of the most advanced analytical instrumentation. This instrumentation covers a broad range of applications such as astrophysics, fundamental nuclear research facilities, chemical nano-spectroscopy laboratories, remote sensing, security systems, forensic investigations, and more. In the years since the first edition of this popular resource, the discipline has developed from demonstrating the unprecedented energy resolving power of individual devices to building large frame cameras with hundreds of thousands of pixel arrays capable of measuring and processing massive information flow. Building upon its first edition, the second edition of Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors reflects the latest advances by focusing on novel microwave kinetic inductance detection devices (MKIDs), the microwave superconducting quantum interferometers (MSQUIDs) extending by orders of magnitude the scalability of cryogenic detectors implementing newly developed multiplexing techniques and decoding algorithms. More, it reflects on the interaction of quantum cryogenic detectors--which in turn can be paired with semiconductor large frame cameras to provide a broad picture of a sky or chemical sample--and quantum devices, making this second edition of Nuclear Electronics a one-stop reference for the combined technologies. The book also provides an overview of latest developments in front-end electronics, signal processing channels, and cryogenics--all components of quantum spectroscopic systems--and provides guidance on the design and applications of the future quantum cryogenic ultra-high-resolution spectrometers. Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors readers will also find: * Fully revised material from the first edition relating to cryogenic requirements * Brand new chapters on semiconductor radiation sensors, cooling and magnetic shielding for cryogenic detector systems; front-end readout electronic circuits for quantum cryogenic detectors; energy resolution of quantum cryogenic spectrometers; and applications of spectrometers based on cryogenic detectors * A number of brand-new chapters dedicated to applications using MSQUID multiplexing technique, an area that will dominate the cryogenic detector field in the next decades Nuclear Electronics with Quantum Cryogenic Detectors provides a comprehensive overview of the entire discipline for researchers, industrial engineers, and graduate students involved in the development of high-precision nuclear measurements, nuclear analytical instrumentation, and advanced superconductor primary sensors. It is also a helpful resource for electrical and electronic engineers and physicists in the nuclear industry, as well as specialist researchers or professionals working in cryogenics applications like biomagnetism, quantum computing, gravitation measurement, and more.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Seitenzahl: 448
• Erscheinungstermin: 2. August 2022
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781119834717
• Artikelnr.: 65464255

Autorenporträt

Vladimir Polushkin, MA, MBA, PhD, is a Business and Technological Consultant in High-Precision Instrumentation Industries and Sensorics, UK. He received his MA with distinction in Applied Physics from Tomsk Technical University (Russia) Division of Applied Physics, an MBA with distinction from Oxford Brookes University, UK, and a PhD in Applied Physics from Kiev University. He began his scientific career with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia in the Laboratory of Neutron Physics, which was headed by Nobel Prize winner I.M. Frank.

Inhaltsangabe

PREFACE

Chapter 1. Interaction of nuclear radiation with detector absorbers

Introduction.

1.1. Intrinsic quantum efficiency of radiation detectors.

1.2. Detection of charged particles.

1.2.1. Light charged particles.

1.2.2. Continuous "braking" radiation (bremsstrahlung).

1.2.3. Backscattering of charged particles.

1.2.4. Heavy charged particles.

1.3. Primary interactions of X- and gamma-ray photons with solid-state absorbers.

1.3.1. The photoelectric effect.

1.3.2. The Compton scattering.

1.3.3. The pair production.

1.3.4. Attenuation of photon radiation in solid-state detector absorbers

1.4. Detection of neutrons with solid-state radiation sensors.

1.5. Heat generation in athermal absorbers.

Chapter 2. Radiation detectors with superconducting absorbers

Introduction.

2.1. Selected topics of the superconductivity theory

2.1.1. The electron-phonon interaction and Cooper pairing mechanisms

2.1.2. The behaviour of superconductors in the magnetic field.

2.1.3. The tunnel Josephson junction.

2.1.4. The superconducting transmission line: the kinetic inductance.

2.2. Superconducting absorbers: the down-conversion of particle energy, intrinsic energy resolution.

2.2.1. The energy down-conversion process in superconducting absorbers.

2.2.2. The intrinsic energy resolution of quasi-particle detectors with superconducting absorbers.

2.3. Transport in the non-equilibrium superconductors. Incomplete charge collection mechanisms

2.3.1. The recombination time of quasi-particles in superconducting absorbers

2.3.2. The Rothwarf-Taylor phenomenological framework

2.3.3. The diffusion of quasi-particles in thin-film superconducting absorbers. Incomplete charge collection

2.3.4. Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) of superconducting absorbers

2.4. Quasi-particle radiation detectors with Superconducting Tunnel Junction (STJ) readout

2.4.1. The bandgap engineering and fabrication of STJ detectors.

2.4.2. The Giaever I-V curve of the STJ.

2.4.3. The tunneling mechanisms in STJs.

2.4.4. Pile-up and count rate capability of the STJ detectors.

2.5. Quasi-particle radiation detectors with microwave kinetic inductance sensors (MKID)

2.5.1. The operating principle of microwave kinetic inductance sensors.

2.5.2. The DROID X-ray detector with microwave kinetic inductance sensor readout.

2.6. STJ detectors frequency domain multiplexing with microwave SQUIDs

Chapter 3. Radiation detectors with normal metal absorbers

Introduction

3.1. Spectrometers based on Transition Edge Sensor (TES) microcalorimeters.

3.1.1. Fundamentals of TES design.

3.1.2. The electro-thermal feedback in TES microcalorimeters.

3.2. TES Microcalorimeters with Microwave SQUID (MSQUID) readout. Imaging cameras

3.3. Hot electron microcalorimeter with the NIS tunnel junction thermometer

Chapter 4. Radiation detectors with semiconductor absorbers

Introduction

4.1. Semiconductor transport.

4.1.1. Valence bond and energy band models.

4.1.2. Carrier scattering mechanisms and mobility in the semiconductor bulk materials.

4.1.3. Carrier generation and recombination (G-R) processes.

4.1.4. Effects of the G-R transport on the performance of radiation detectors.

4.1.5. Tunneling-assisted transport in semiconductor materials.

4.1.6. Tunneling transport across the thin dielectric barrier.

4.1.7. T